Packaged warehouse solution system

ABSTRACT

A data warehouse solution system comprises a metadata model, a user interface and an engine. The metadata model has an information needs model including metadata regarding information needs for building reports by users, and a data information model including metadata describing data that is available for building reports. The user interface has a customer user interface for presenting the information needs model to the users for report generation, and a modeling user interface for presenting the data information model to the users for manipulating data warehouse objects. The engine has a report management service unit for providing report management service using the information needs model, and a data management service unit for providing data management service including generation of a data warehouse using the data information model.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a packaged data warehouse solutionsystem.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many organizations use enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems tomanage their databases. It is common that each of various sections in anorganization developed and selected its own ERP system, suitable to thesection to manage the database used by the section. Thus, within asingle organization, various databases and ERP systems are used. Inorder to gain the overall business view, many organizations felt a needto have a system that integrates those ERP systems existing within theorganizations.

One approach to this problem, also called data driven approach, is toextract data from the ERP systems, and build a data warehouse for theentire organization to store the extracted data. Managers oforganizations use business intelligence tools to extract desired datafrom the data warehouse and view the data through reports. BusinessIntelligence tools expose a business view of available information andallow users to select information and format reports. While businessintelligence tools typically provide predefined reports along withtransaction processing systems, most business intelligence reports arecustom written.

This data driven approach provides a simple solution in theory. Inreality, however, it involves various problems in getting data from ERPsystems, putting it in a data warehouse, and then getting the data outfrom the data warehouse. It is often difficult to get the rightinformation to the right people at the right time. It is thereforedesirable to provide a mechanism that makes it easier to extract dataout of ERP systems and deliver it to the right people at the right time.

Existing data warehouses are customary made based on the existing ERPsystems in individual organizations. It is a costly process thatinvolves multiple specialists for many months to only create anapplication for a single one of many functional areas of theorganization. Once a data warehouse is created, it is often difficult toadapt to changes.

In view of the problems relating to the data driven approach, it isproposed to adopt a model driven approach in managing data warehousesand business intelligence tools. In an article “A model-driven approachto Bl and data warehousing puts analytical power back in step withbusiness requirements” (by Neil Raden; Intelligent Enterprise, The NewDeal, March 2004), Raden proposes to use conceptual models based onmetadata that describes transparent data structure.Extract-transform-load (ETL) processes are specified at a level ofabstraction and directed at the conceptual models. Bl queries are framedin the conceptual models.

There exist some tools that employ the concept of the model drivenapproach as described in the article. However, those tools are limitedto specific tasks, e.g., ETL. It is desirable to provide a packagedsolution that allows efficient construction and management of both datawarehouse and business intelligence capabilities.

In an article “The 38 Subsystems of ETL” (by Ralph Kimball; IntelligentEnterprise, December 2004), Kimball describes 38 subsystems that areneeded in almost every ETL system in holding and maintaining a datawarehouse. Existing ETL tools are not satisfactory at automating thebest practice for implementation of those subsystems.

It is desirable to provide a mechanism that implements and substantiatesthe best practice as an integrated packaged system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a packaged data warehousesolution system that obviates or mitigates at least one of thedisadvantages of existing data warehouses.

The invention uses a data warehouse solution system comprises a metadatamodel, a user interface and an engine which generates a data warehousefrom one or more data source systems using the metadata model.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provideda data warehouse solution system comprising a metadata model, an engineand a user interface. The metadata model has a data information modelincluding metadata that describes models for generating a datawarehouse, and an information needs model including metadata regardinginformation needs for building reports by users. The engine has a datamanagement service unit for providing data management services includinggeneration of a data warehouse using the data information model, and areport management service unit for providing report management servicesincluding generation of reports using the information needs model andthe data warehouse. The user interface has a modeling user interface forpresenting the data information model to the users for manipulating datawarehouse objects, and a customer user interface for presenting theinformation needs model to the users for report generation.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided amethod of generating and maintaining a data warehouse. The methodcomprises the steps of providing a metadata model having a datainformation model including metadata describing models for generating adata warehouse, and an information needs model including metadataregarding information needs for building reports by users; providingdata management services by a data warehouse solution system engine toautomatically generate a data warehouse from one or more source systemsusing the data information model; and providing a modeling userinterface for presenting the data information model to a user forallowing the user to manipulate objects of the data warehouse.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided acomputer readable medium storing instructions or statements for use inthe execution in a computer of a method of generating and maintaining adata warehouse. The method comprises the steps of providing a metadatamodel having a data information model including metadata describingmodels for generating a data warehouse, and an information needs modelincluding metadata regarding information needs for building reports byusers; providing data management services by a data warehouse solutionsystem engine to automatically generate a data warehouse using the datainformation model from one or more source systems; and providing a userinterface for presenting the data information model to users forallowing users to manipulate objects of the data warehouse.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided apropagated signal carrier carrying signals containing computerexecutable instructions that can be read and executed by a computer, thecomputer executable instructions being used to execute a method ofgenerating and maintaining a data warehouse. The method comprises thesteps of providing a metadata model having a data information modelincluding metadata describing models for generating a data warehouse,and an information needs model including metadata regarding informationneeds for building reports by users; providing data management servicesby a data warehouse solution system engine to automatically generate adata warehouse using the data information model from one or more sourcesystems; and providing a user interface for presenting the datainformation model to users for allowing

This summary of the invention does not necessarily describe all featuresof the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features of the invention will become more apparent fromthe following description in which reference is made to the appendeddrawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a data warehouse solution system inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the detail of the data warehousesolution system shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a metadata model of the data warehousesolution system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a user interface of the data warehousesolution system;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an engine of the data warehousesolution system;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a framework of analysis types used in thedata warehouse solution system;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an architecture of an example of a datawarehouse;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing operation of the data warehouse solutionsystem;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing metadata flow in the data warehouse solutionsystem;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing generation of a source framework model;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing table generation in a data warehouse;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing table management during the tablegeneration;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing column management during the tablegeneration;

FIG. 13A is a flowchart showing column comparison during the columnmanagement;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing index management during the tablegeneration;

FIG. 14A is a flowchart showing index comparison during the indexmanagement;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing foreign key management during the tablegeneration;

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of data movement andtransformation;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing another example of data movement andtransformation;

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of data transformations of theengine;

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of data transformation;

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing another example of data transformation;

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another example of data transformation;

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing another example of data transformation;

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another example of data transformation;

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing another example of data transformation;

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing another example of data transformation;

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of customization;

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an example of effects of ERP upgrade;

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing another example of effects of ERP upgrade;

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of content upgrade;

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing another example of content upgrade;

FIG. 31 is a flowchart showing a high level upgrade process;

FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing a process of adding a warehouse objectitem during upgrade;

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 35 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 38 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 39 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 40 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 41 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 42 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 43 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 44 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with no history;

FIG. 45 is a diagram showing an example of dimension to dimensionreferences with history;

FIG. 46 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with history; and

FIG. 47 is a diagram showing another example of dimension to dimensionreferences with history.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a packaged data warehouse solution system 10 in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention. The data warehouse solution system10 is used in a computer system to manage construction, maintenance anduse of a data warehouse 110 for an organization. The data warehousesolution system 10 builds the data warehouse 110 from one or more datasource systems 100, such as ERP systems, and delivers information ofdata in the data warehouse 110 to one or more business intelligencetools 120.

The data warehouse solution system 10 provides a metadata drivensolution to manage the data warehouse 110. The data warehouse solutionsystem 10 has a metadata model 20 (FIG. 2) containing metadata thatdescribes a report manager 50 (FIG. 5) that manages reports, datawarehouse models, and the business logic for extracting information fromthe source systems 100 and transforming it into the data warehousestructure. In this embodiment, the data warehouse solution system 10constructs a star schema based data warehouse 110. Different schemas maybe used in different embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 2, the data warehouse solution system 10 includes ametadata model 20, a user interface 30 and an engine 40.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the metadata model 20. The metadata model 20contains metadata that describes information based on which the datawarehouse solution system 10 is managed. The metadata model 20 includesan information needs model 22 and a data information model 24. Theinformation needs model 22 and the data information model 24 are storedin a form of a content library 26 in the data warehouse solution system10.

The information needs model 22 includes descriptions of metadataregarding information needs for building reports by users. Theinformation needs model 22 includes metadata about user roles, themeasures important to the roles, members of the roles, context filtersthat apply to the members, display styles and templates, and dimensionsused for building reports. These metadata describes who in theorganization needs data; what information they need, which informationis expressed in terms of performance measures that they need, such asrevenue, discount and expenses; by what they need the information, suchas customer, time and product; how they look at the information; whatstyle of analysis they need to perform on the information; what types ofreporting they need to do; and what kind of train analysis over timethat they need to do.

The data information model 24 describes data that is available forbuilding reports and satisfies the information needs indicated in theinformation needs model 22. The data information model 24 contains starschema models of the data warehouse 110, mapping of source systems 100to the star schema models, and including data transformation rules.

The structures of metadata provides actual instances of the metadatamodel 20. Actual instances of the metadata model 20 may vary dependingon embodiments of the data warehouse solution system 10.

The content library 26 is a predefined library of metadata for reports,i.e., metadata for the information needs model 22, and metadata for thedata warehouse 110, i.e., metadata for the data information model 24.The content library 26 allows packaging of the metadata models 22 and 24in a form of reusable library. This is contrary to existing approachesin which the contents for the ETL tools and reports are developed onsite and it was difficult to re-implement on a different site againstthe different environment.

The structure of the content library 26 may vary depending onembodiments of the data warehouse solution system 10.

The metadata model 20 realizes a mechanism that takes the knowledgeabout who the users are, what information they need, what informationexists in the source systems 100, and how to get the information in thedata warehouse 110 in a form where it can be used. Taking such knowledgeand being able to package it as an application is possible by the datawarehouse solution system 10 through the user interface 30 and theengine 40 in cooperation with the metadata model 20.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the user interface 30. The user interface 30allows the users to manipulate the metadata in the metadata model 20 forbuilding the data warehouse 110 and for generating reports. The userinterface 30 has a modeling Ul 32 and a consumer Ul 34.

The modeling Ul 32 provides a visual design environment for managing themetadata model 20. The modeling Ul 32 also works with the metadata model20 and allows users to view and customize star schemas of the datawarehouse 110. The modeling Ul 32 visualizes the data warehouse modelsas star and/or snowflake schemas with facts, dimensions andrelationships in a dimensional map.

The engine 40 interprets the metadata and generates the businessintelligence content that satisfies the information needs described inthe metadata model 20. The engine 40 allows the users to actually workwith the metadata model 20. The engine 40 translates the metadata, whichis a description, into data warehouse objects in the data warehouse 110.

The consumer Ul 34 allows users to view and customize the informationneeds model 22. An example of information needs is where a sales managerneeds a report on sales revenue and discount by customer and product.The consumer Ul 34 provides a model 22 of the information needs andallows the user to change it. For example, the user may remove product,and add service for a corporation providing services.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the engine 40. The engine 40 has a reportmanagement service unit 42, a data management service unit 44 and sourcemodel generator 46.

The report management service unit 42 provides a report generationservice. The report management service unit 42 has a report manager 50that translates the metadata of the information needs model 22 intoreports that are meaningful to the users. The metadata can be useful tothe users when it takes a form of reports.

The report management service unit 42 may also have a target frameworkmanager 52 that extends a target framework model 112 (FIG. 7) generatedby the engine 40 and sits on top of the data warehouse 110 to provide asemantic layer for querying and reporting. The target framework model112 is a semantic layer of the data warehouse 110.

Some of traditional data warehouse systems generates a model, which isincomplete and lacks calculations and security filters. Thesecalculations and security filters need to be added in manually. Oncethey are added in manually, if the model is regenerated, the manualextensions are not preserved and they must be re-applied manually. Incontrast, the data warehouse solution system 10 allows the targetsemantic layer, i.e., the target framework model 112, to be extendedafter generation and automatically preserves these extensions onregeneration. Also, traditional models resemble the physical databaseand require substantial manual rework to be able to be practicallyusable to answer Bl queries. In contrast, the data warehouse solutionsystem 10 generates the target framework model 112 which iscomprehensive and can be used as it is without manual rework. The targetframework model 112 is build to cater for a large number of reportingneeds, such as role playing dimensions, dimension history and dimensionperspective, multi-currency, multi-language, time intelligence,inferring facts from dimensions, scope relations, and alternativehierarchies.

The target framework manager 52 generates the target framework model 112or target model 112 using various business rules. The business rulesinclude general rules including a target model package rule and ageneral organization rule of the target model, and rules relating todatabase layer, business view, dimensional view, and metadata.

The target model package rule is that the target model contains onepackage that is published to the content store for use with the Bltools. This package includes a database layer (which may be hidden),business view, dimensional view, namespace for those warehouse objectsthat have at least one calendar reference and at least one measure,other warehouse object namespaces (which may be hidden).

The general organization rules of the target model are that the rootnamespace has the same name as the root of the warehouse model. Underthe root are top-level namespaces. There are typically three top-levelnamespaces, one for each logical view. The layout follows the structurebelow. “Root Namespace” refers to the root of the published package.This can physically exist anywhere within the framework model.

Root Namespace   - Database Layer     - All Time     - All Time(Generic)     - All Time (Role 1)     - All Time (Role 2)     - ...    -Materialized Views    - Work Tables    - Warehouse Meta Data   - WHONamespace1   - WHO Namespace2   - ...

The rules relating to a data base layer include rules relating to datasource query subjects, query subject description and screen tip,calendar warehouse objects, multi-currency reporting, dimension (withhistory) to calendar references, work tables, materialized views,workaround for bug, data source query items, query item description andscreen tip, query item aggregate property, warehouse object references,dimension history, references to dimensions with history, dimensionperspective, role-playing dimensions, supporting stitching byuser-prompted dimension roles, dimension to dimension references, usageproperty, and multi-language attributes.

The data source query subjects rule is that for each physical datawarehouse table that is not an ETL work table, the target frameworkmanager 52 creates a data source query subject. The name and descriptionproperties are derived from the logical data warehouse metadata. In thecases where the ETL best practices create two tables, then the targetframework manager 52 determines the names as follows: For fact warehouseobjects, the query subject for the fact table suffixes “Measures” to thewarehouse object name, e.g., [Financial Account Balance Measures]. Thequery subject for the degenerate dimension is given the same name as thewarehouse object, e.g., [Financial Account Balance]. For a dimensionwith history, the query subject for the non-history table is given thesame name as the warehouse object, e.g., [Job]. The query subject forthe history table suffixes “History” to the warehouse object name, e.g.,[Job History].

The query subject description and screen tip rule is that for allgenerated query subjects, both the Description and Screen Tip propertiesare set to the warehouse object description.

The calendar warehouse objects rule is that the target framework manager52 loads calendar warehouse objects into a single All Time table. TheAll Time query subject is contained in its own namespace named “AllTime”. Each All Time shortcut (for the different roles) is alsocontained in its own namespace within the All Time namespace.Additionally, there is a special, reserved shortcut named “All Time(Generic)”, which is also contained in its own namespace. This shortcutis used in relationships to dimension history query subjects. Forexample, the structure of namespaces may be as follows:

- Database Layer  - All Time   - All Time (Generic)   - All Time(Role 1)   - All Time (Role 2)   - ...

Each reference to calendar warehouse objects is implemented in theDatabase Layer as a relationship between the referencing query subjectand All Time (or the appropriate role-playing shortcut to All Time). Foreach warehouse object that references a calendar dimension, arelationship shortcut is created to all calendar roles that it does notdirectly reference. Each of these relationship shortcuts point to itsprimary calendar relationship. This allows queries to stitch bynon-primary roles.

The multi-currency reporting rule is that the database contains a querysubject for currency conversion as well as relationships that join eachfact to it via the primary calendar reference.

The dimension (with history) to calendar references rule is that adimension to calendar reference provides a means to analyze history atmultiple points in time simultaneously. In order to achieve this, thetarget framework manager 52 creates a copy of the Dimension Historyquery subject (including all of its relationships) and name it DimensionHistory Measures. The purpose of having the [Dimension History Measures]query subject is to force the query engine to use query stitching whenquerying dimension history measures with measures from other fact tablesover time. [Dimension History Measures] query subjects do not haverelationships for references to the dimension. They have relationshipsfor references from the dimension. In other words, for any warehouseobject [W] that references [Dimension] (directly or indirectly), thetarget framework manager 52 does not create a relationship from [W] to[Dimension History Measures.] For any warehouse object [Z] that isreferenced by [Dimension], the target framework manager 52 creates arelationship from [Dimension History Measures] to [Z].

The target framework manager 52 creates a relationship between[Dimension History Measures] (1 . . . n) and [All Time (<Role>)] (1 . .. 1) as follows. The target framework manager 52 sets reference at the‘Day’ grain. The target framework manager 52 maps calendar variant onlyif calendar type is other than Gregorian. For example,

-   [ALL_TIME (<Role>)].[All Time (<Role>)].[Calendar Type    Name]=‘Fiscal’-   And-   [ALL_TIME (<Role>)].[All Time (<Role>)].[Calendar Grain]=‘DAY’-   And-   [ALL_TIME (<Role>)].[All Time (<Role>)].[Calendar Variant    Code]=[Dimension History Measures].[Calendar Variant Code]-   And-   _add_days(9999-12-31,(−[ALL_TIME (<Role>)].[ALL_TIME    (<Role>)].[CALENDAR_END_DATE_EOT])) Between [Database    Layer].[Dimension History Measures].[Dimension Effective Date]-   And-   [Database Layer].[Dimension History Measures].[End Date]

The work tables rule is that the Database Laser contains a namespacecalled “ETL Work Tables” that contains a data source query subject foreach work table. There are no relationships between these querysubjects. There is no renaming of query subjects or items.

The materialized views rule is that the database layer contains anamespace named “Materialized Views” that contains the model querysubjects associated with the materialized views defined in the model ofthe data warehouse solution system 10.

The workaround for bug rule is to work around the issue of a shorterjoin path being selected over a longer join path even though the shorterjoin path results in query stitching and the longer path does not needquery stitching. The target framework manager 52 provides a directrelationship between all pairs of query subjects that are indirectlyrelated via dimension-to-dimension references. Therefore, in the casewhere warehouse object [W] has an indirect reference to [D] (viadimension to dimension references), then the target framework manager 52creates a relationship [W<—>D] whose join expression is the cumulativechain of expressions for the join path between [W] and [D]. For example,[W] references [A] and [A] references [D], the target framework manager52 creates relationship [W<—>D] as,

-   [W].[A Sid]=[A].[A Sid]-   And-   [A].[D Sid]=[D].[D Sid]

Herein Sid is a surrogate key that uniquely identifies the warehouseobject [A] or [D].

For role-playing dimensions and dimension history, the target frameworkmanager 52 uses special rules for the relationship from [W] to [D] asdescribed in their respective best practices.

The data source query items rule is that each data source query subjectcontains a query item for each physical column in the physical datawarehouse table. The query item name and description are derived fromthe logical data warehouse metadata object item. For physical columnsthat do not have an associated warehouse object item, a standard nameand description is used as follows:

Type Name Description SID <dimension> Sid Surrogate key that uniquelyidentifies <dimension> DIM_ID <dimension> Dim Id Concatenated businesskey for <dimension> CREATED_DT Created Date Date when the warehouserecord was created CHANGED_DT Changed Date Date when the warehouserecord was last changed

The query item description and screen tip rule is that for allnon-system generated query items, both the Description and Screen Tipproperties are set to the warehouse object item description.

The query item aggregate property rule is that for fact query items, theaggregate property is based on the equivalent warehouse object itemproperty.

The warehouse object references rule is that for every warehouse objectreference (excluding dimension to calendar), the target frameworkmanager 52 creates a relationship in the database layer between thesurrogate keys of the respective query subjects. The cardinalities forthe relationship are as follows:

-   From To-   1:n 1:1

For example, W1 references W2, then in the database layer, the targetframework manager 52creates a relationship [W1<—>W2] as,

-   [W1].[W2 Sid]=[W2].[W2 Sid]

The special cases of the warehouse object references rules include theReferences to dimensions with history rules, Role-Playing Dimensions,rules and Dimension (with history) to Calendar references rules.

The dimension history rule is that for each dimension [D] with historyand for each of its roles (role 1 . . . role n), the database layercontains two query subjects, data source query subject for thenon-historic attributes [D (role i)] that contains a query item for eachcolumn in the D table, data source query subject for historic attributes[D (role i) History] that contains a query item for each column in theD_HIST table, and contains a filter with the expression

-   1=1-   #$[Dimension Perspective]{prompt(‘Dimension Perspective’, ‘integer’,    ‘D (role i) F1’, ‘D (role i) F’, ‘[DATABASE_LAYER].[Dimension    Perspective].[Dimension Perspective]’)}#

The database layer also contains a relationship between them withcardinality (1 . . . 1 to 1. . . n)

-   [D].[D (role i) Sid]=[D History].[D (role i) Sid].

The references to dimensions with history rule is that every referenceto a dimension [D] with history has a relationship to [D] and arelationship to [D History]. Given dimension [D] with history, andwarehouse object [W] that references [D], the target framework manager52 creates the following relationships in the database layer:

-   1. [W]<—>[D]

[W].[D Sid]=[D].[D Sid]

-   2. [W]<—>[D History]

[W].[D Sid]=[D History].[D Sid]

And

#$[Dimension Perspective]{prompt(‘DimensionPerspective’,‘integer’,‘1’,“, ‘[DATABASE_LAYER].[DimensionPerspective].[Dimension Perspective]’)}#

Between

-   -   [D History].[DEffective Date]    -   And    -   [D History].[END_DATE]

The cardinalities for both relationships are as follows:

-   From To-   1:n 1:1

The dimension perspective rule is that in order to provide a drop-downpick-list by default (in the studios) for the dimension perspectiveprompts, the database layer contains the following database querysubject [Dimension Perspective]:

-   Select SELECTION_CODE,    -   SELECTION_VALUE-   from PWW_USER_SELECTION-   where SELECTION_DOMAIN=‘Dimension History’

The query items are named [Dimension Perspective], and [DimensionPerspective Description] respectively. The following properties are seton the

-   [Dimension Perspective].[Dimension Perspective] query item:-   Prompt Type=Select Value-   Display Item Reference=[Database Layer].[Dimension    Perspective].[Dimension Perspective Description]

The values in this table are:

Key Value

-   1 Current Values-   2 Historic Values-   3 Values as of user-prompted date

Additionally, a parameter map named “Dimension Perspective” is createdwith the following key-value combinations:

-   1, current_date-   2, _add_days(9999-12-31,(−[All Time    (Generic)].[ALL_TIME].[CALENDAR_END_DATE_EOT]))-   3, [All Time].[As At Date]Measures Suffix2, “Measures”←no quotes,    but note the leading space Perspective Date, #$[Dimension    Perspective]{prompt(‘Dimension Perspective’,‘integer’,    ‘1’,“,‘[DATABASE_LAYER].[Dimension Perspective].[Dimension    Perspective]’)}#

Also, for each dimension [D] with history and for each of its roles(role 1 . . . role n), the “Dimension Perspective” parameter mapcontains the following two key-value pairs:

-   D (role i) F1, And current_date Between [Database Layer].[D (role i)    History].[D Effective Date] And [Database Layer].[D (role i)    History].[END_DATE]-   D (role i) F3, And [All Time (Generic)].[As At Date] Between    [Database Layer].[D (role i) History].[D Effective Date] And    [Database Layer].[D (role i) History].[END_DATE]

The role-playing dimensions rule is that a dimension warehouse object(Dim A) may be referenced by one or more roles. For each role by whichDim A is referenced, the target framework manager 52 creates a copy of[Dim A] query subject, called [Dim A (Role Name)]. For each warehouseobject (WHO1) reference to Dim A by a role create a relationship asfollows:

-   A relationship between [WHO1] and [Dim A (Role Name)][WHO1].[Role    Name A Sid]=[Dim A (Role Name)].[A Sid]

Also, for each warehouse object (WHO1) that references Dim A, the targetframework manager 52 creates a relationship to the non-role querysubject as follows:

-   [WHO1].#$[WHO1—Dimension Roles]{prompt(‘WHO1—Dim A Role’,    ‘varchar(100)’, ‘Dim A (Role Name)’,“,‘[Referenced Dimension    Roles].[WHO1—Dim A Roles].[WHO1 Role]’)}#=[Dim A].[A Sid]

The supporting stitching by user-prompted dimension roles rule is thatin order to support the case where the user projects from a role-lessdimension as well as measures from a fact that references that dimensionby multiple roles, the target framework manager 52 prompts the user toselect which of the roles they wish to use. To support this, in thetarget model, the [Warehouse Metadata] namespace contains a namespacenamed [Referenced Dimension Roles]. Also, the [Referenced DimensionRoles] namespace contains the following:

-   1. [PWT_RF_REFERENCE]—datasource query subject

SQL: Select*From [Mart].PWT_RF_REFERENCE as PWT_RF_REFERENCE

Filters:

-   -   1. [Current Version]=

-   [Referenced Dimension Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[REF_VERSION_NO)    =maximum([Referenced Dimension    Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[REF_VERSION_NO] for [Referenced Dimension    Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[REFERENCE_ID])

The [Referenced Dimension Roles] namespace also contains, for eachwarehouse object (wFrom), for each warehouse object (wTo) that wFromreferences via one or more roles,

-   [wFrom-wTo Roles)—model query subject

Query Items:

-   -   1. [Role Name]=[Referenced Dimension        Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[ROLE_NAME)    -   2. [wFrom Role]=‘wTo (‘∥[Referenced Dimension        Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[ROLE_NAME]∥’)’        -   Prompt Type: Select Value        -   Display Item Reference: [Referenced Dimension            Roles].[wFrom-wTo Roles].[Role Name]

Filters:

-   -   1. [From]=[Referenced Dimension        Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[WAREHOUSE_OBJECT_ID_FROM]=<wFrom        GUID>    -   2. [To]=[Referenced Dimension        Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[WAREHOUSE_OBJECT_ID_TO]=<wTo GUID>    -   3. [Role Name]=[Referenced Dimension        Roles].[PWT_RF_REFERENCE].[ROLE_NAME] Is Not Null

For each warehouse object (wFrom), that references another warehouseobject (wTo) via one or more roles, a parameter map is named[wFrom-Dimension Roles] and includes the following key/value pairs (onekey value pair per wTo role):

-   wTo (Role Name)|[wTo Role Name Sid]←i.e. the name of the sid in    wFrom that corresponds to its reference to wTo by that role.

The dimension to dimension references rule is that dimensions referenceconformed dimensions. The dimension to dimension references rule isfurther described referring to FIGS. 33-47.

FIGS. 33-44 show examples of the dimension to dimension references ruleswith no history. FIG. 33 shows an example of the warehouse model 900containing a single dimension that references a conformed dimension, theresultant target framework model 902, and the dimensional view 904 ofthe framework model. FIG. 34 shows an example of the warehouse model 910containing a single dimension with multiple roles that reference aconformed dimension, the resultant target framework model 912, and thedimensional view 914 of the framework model. FIG. 35 shows anotherexample of the warehouse model 920 containing a single dimension thatreferences a conformed dimension, the resultant target framework model922, and the dimensional view 924 of the framework model.

FIG. 36 shows an example of the warehouse model 930 containing multipledimensions that reference conformed dimensions, the resultant targetframework model 932, and the dimensional view 934 of the frameworkmodel. FIG. 37 shows an example of the warehouse model 940 containing asingle dimension with multiple roles that reference conformeddimensions, the resultant target framework model 942, and thedimensional view 944 of the framework model. FIG. 38 shows an example ofthe warehouse model 950 containing a single dimension with multipleroles that reference conformed dimensions by multiple roles, theresultant target framework model 952, and the dimensional view 954 ofthe framework model. FIG. 39 shows an example of the warehouse model 960containing a single dimension with multiple roles that referenceconformed dimensions with a reference having a “Include Me” flag, theresultant target framework model 962, and the dimensional view 964 ofthe framework model. FIG. 40 shows an example of the warehouse model 970containing multiple dimensions that reference conformed dimensions withreference shaving a “Include Me” flag, the resultant target frameworkmodel 972, and the dimensional view 974 of the framework model.

FIG. 41 shows an example of the warehouse model 980 containing multipledimensions referenced by a single dimension by conformed or no roles,both references having “Include Me” flag set, the resultant targetframework model 982, and the dimensional view 984 of the frameworkmodel. FIG. 42 shows an example of the warehouse model 990 containingmultiple dimensions referenced by a single dimension by different roles,both references having “Include Me” flag set, the resultant targetframework model 992, and the dimensional view 994 of the frameworkmodel. FIG. 43 shows an example of the warehouse model 1000 containingmultiple dimensions that reference conformed dimensions, the resultanttarget framework model 1002, and the dimensional view 1004 of theframework model. FIG. 44 shows an example of the warehouse model 1010containing multiple dimensions that reference conformed dimensions, theresultant target framework model 1012, and the dimensional view 1014 ofthe framework model.

FIGS. 45-47 show examples of the dimension to dimension references ruleswith history. FIG. 45 shows an example of the warehouse model 1020containing a single dimension that references a conformed dimension, theresultant target framework model 1022, and the dimensional view 1024 ofthe framework model. FIG. 46 shows an example of the warehouse model1030 containing a single dimension with multiple roles that reference aconformed dimension, the resultant target framework model 1032, and thedimensional view 1034 of the framework model. FIG. 47 shows anotherexample of the warehouse model 1040 containing a single dimension withmultiple roles that reference a conformed dimension, the resultanttarget framework model 1042, and the dimensional view 1044 of theframework model.

The usage property rule is that target framework manager 52 generatesthe target model based on the equivalent warehouse object itemproperties. For the warehouse object item, the value is based on thesame rules that the target framework manager 52 uses. Identifier, e.g.,a key, index, date, and datetime, represents a column that is used togroup or summarize the data in a Fact column with which it has arelationship. It also represents an indexed column, and represents acolumn that is of the date or time type. Fact, e.g., numeric, and timeinterval, represents a column that contains numeric data that can begrouped or summarized, such as Product Cost. Attribute. e.g., string,represents a column that is neither an Identifier or Fact, such asDescription.

The multi-language attributes rule is applicable to warehouse objectitems for which multiple language data is sourced. Query subjectcontains Query item for each sourced language, and calculated query itemthat returns the appropriate language-specific query item based on theuser run locale. The list of languages supported is derived from thewarehouse object metadata. For example,

Case  When substring( #sq($runLocale)#, 1, 2 ) = ‘en’ Then coalesce ([ORGANIZATION_NAME_EN], [ORGANIZATION_NAME_EN] )  When substring(#sq($runLocale)#, 1, 2 ) = ‘fr’ Then coalesce ( [ORGANIZATION_NAME_FR],[ORGANIZATION_NAME_EN] )  Else [ORGANIZATION_NAME_EN] End

The rules relating to a business view include rules relating to businessview query subjects, dimension to calendar references, calendarwarehouse objects, and currency conversion.

The business view query subjects rules for each warehouse object W, thetarget framework manager 52 creates a query subject [W] that containsall non-system query items from all of its database layer querysubjects. The name, description and screen tip match the database layercounterpart. Query subjects for dimensions contain items from both thetype 1 query subject and the dimension history query subject. It alsocontains [W Sid] and [W Dim ID] from the type 1 table. In the case Merethe dimension has history, then the target framework manager 52 alsoadds a query item named [Dimension Perspective Date], with theexpression:

-   #$[Dimension Perspective]{prompt(‘Dimension    Perspective’,‘integer’,‘1’,“, ‘[DATABASE_LAYER].[Dimension    Perspective].[Dimension Perspective]’)}#

Query subjects for facts contain items from both the fact query subject(including all Sids) and the degenerate dimension query subject. Foreach role that W plays, the target framework manager 52 creates a querysubject [W (role)] as above, based on the role-specific query subjectsin the database layer. Each of the above query subjects is created inW's warehouse object namespace.

The dimension to calendar references rule is that hen a dimension Dreferences a calendar, then target framework manager 52 creates anadditional query subject named [D Measures]. For each query item [QItem] in [D History] in the database layer, the target framework manager52 includes a query item in [D Measures] of the same name with theexpression:

-   #‘[DATABASE_LAYER].[D History’+$[Dimension Perspective]{‘Measures    Suffix’+prompt(‘Dimension Perspective’,‘integer’,‘1’,“,‘[DATABASE    LAYER].[Dimension Perspective].[Dimension Perspective]’,“)}+’].[Q    Item]#

The name, description and screen tip of each item match the databaselayer counterpart. The above query subject is created in D's warehouseobject namespace.

The calendar warehouse objects rule is that the Business View querysubject for each calendar/role contains only those items required forthe specific type of calendar. Gregorian Calendar uses Calendar Year,Calendar Quarter, Calendar Month, Calendar Month Name, Calendar Week,Calendar Weekday, Calendar Day, Calendar Date, Calendar Start Date, andCalendar End Date.

Other calendar types use the following:

Name Item <Calendar Type> Variant Code Calendar Variant Code <CalendarType> Variant Name Calendar Variant Name <Calendar Type> Year CalendarYear Value <Calendar Type> Quarter Calendar Quarter Value <CalendarType> Period Calendar Period Number <Calendar Type> Week Calendar WeekValue <Calendar Type> Period Count Calendar Period Count <Calendar Type>Year End Period Ind Calendar Year End Period Ind

Additionally, the query subject uses a filter named Calendar Type[Calendar Type]=<Calendar Type>.

The currency conversion rule applies only to warehouse objects thatcontain one or more monetary measures. The target framework manager 52creates the following query items in the business view query subject forthe warehouse object. For each supported reporting currency defined inthe Currency Conversion warehouse object, the target framework manager52 creates query items of type attribute for Currency Code and CurrencyName. For example:

-   [Base Currency Code]-   [Base Currency Name]-   [Currency 1 Code]-   [Currency 1 Name]-   [Currency 2 Code]-   [Currency 2 Name]-   . . .-   [Currency 4 Code]-   [Currency 4 Name]

Also, for each monetary fact, and for each supported reporting currency,the target framework manager 52 creates a fact query item for theconverted measure. For example:

[Measure 1 (Base Currency)]:

-   -   [Database Layer].[Fact1 Measures].[Measure 1]*

-   [Database Layer].[Financial Currency Conversion Base].[Rate]

[Measure 1 (Currency 1)]:

-   -   [Database Layer].[Fact1 Measures].[Measure 1]*

-   [Database Layer].[Financial Currency Conversion Curr 1].[Rate]

The rules relating to a dimensional view include rules relating tonamespace structure of the dimensional view, dimension to calendarreferences, role-playing dimensions, fact warehouse object items,dimension warehouse object items, scope relationships, calendarwarehouse objects, and multi-currency reporting.

The namespace structure of the dimensional view rule is that or eachwarehouse object WO, the Dimensional View namespace contains a namespacenamed [WO], which contains Business View Query subject(s), thedimensional object(s) for WO, and a shortcut to all regular dimension(role) objects whose parent warehouse object is referenced by WO (eitherdirectly or indirectly via Dimension to Dimension references). When WOreferences a dimension by a role (e.g. Person (Employee)), then thetarget framework manager 52 also includes in its namespace a shortcut tothe role-less dimension (e.g. Person).

The dimension to calendar references rule is that or any dimension Dthat has a calendar reference, the target framework manager 52 creates ameasure dimension in D's warehouse object namespace that contains ameasure for each warehouse item of type measure. These measuresreference the appropriate query item in the [D Measures] query subject.The name, description and screen tip for each measure match its BusinessView counterpart.

The role-playing dimensions rule is that or each dimension role, thetarget framework manager 52 creates a regular dimension with itemsderived from the appropriate query subject in the Business View, e.g.,[Dimension A (Role1)]. The Business View query subjects are contained inthe Warehouse Object namespace along side the dimensional objects.

The fact warehouse object items rule is that for each fact warehouseobject, the warehouse object namespace in the Dimensional Layer containsthe following objects, all of which contain items that reference theappropriate Business View query subject.

A measure dimension that includes all fact warehouse object items thatare identified as measures

A regular (member) dimension that includes all identifiers andattributes from both the fact table and the degenerative dimension table(including all fact surrogate key). Each query item references thedimension's model query subject in “Warehouse Object Model Queries”.

The degenerative dimension surrogate key is set as the_businessKey role.

The name, description and screen tip for each measure or dimension itemmatch its Business View counterpart.

The dimension warehouse object items rule is that for each dimensionwarehouse object, its namespace in the dimensional layer contains aregular dimension that contains one hierarchy, which contains an “Al)”level plus one child level, which includes a query item for eachwarehouse object item, except for those items that are keys toreferenced dimensions. Each query item references the dimension's modelquery subject in the Business View. The name, description and screen tipfor each dimension item match its Business View counterpart. Forexample,

Person <-- Dimension  - Person <-- Hierarchy   - Person (All) <-- “All”Level   - Person  <-- Child level   - Attribute 1   - ...

Level Attribute Roles

-   Assign the role “_businessKey” to the DIM_ID attribute of the child    level.-   The_memberCaption role is not assigned since it is up to the modeler    to identify it.

The scope relationships rule is that for each measure dimension, a scoperelationship is created between it and each dimension that it references(either directly or indirectly). The scope relationship is scoped to thelowest level of the dimension hierarchy. There is only one level whenthe dimension is first generated. Additionally, for each scoperelationship to a role-playing dimension, another scope relationship iscreated to the role-less version of the same dimension. Once the scoperelationship is created, it is maintained within the framework modelinterface (except for actions that cause it to be deleted). Calendardimensions are handled by the calendar warehouse objects rule.

The calendar warehouse objects rule is that for each calendar warehouseobject, the target framework manager 52 creates a dimension for each ofits roles. The items reference the associated Calendar query subject inthe Business View. Gregorian calendar dimensions are named “Calendar(<Role>)” and contain two hierarchies as follows

-   YMD: YMD (All), Year, Month, Day-   YQMD: YQMD (All), Year, Quarter, Month, Day

Other calendars are named “<Calendar Name>(<Role>)” and contain fourhierarchies. For example, for a fiscal Calendar, the followinghierarchies are used:

-   Fiscal YPD: Fiscal (YPD) (All), Fiscal Variant, Fiscal Year, Fiscal    Period, Fiscal Day-   Fiscal YQPD: Fiscal (YQPD) (All), Fiscal Variant, Fiscal Year,    Fiscal Quarter, Fiscal Period, Fiscal Day-   YMD: Year, Month, Day-   YQMD: Year, Quarter, Month, Day

Level Attribute Roles is used for each level in each hierarchy toidentify the items that represent the_businessKey and_memberCaptionroles. The target framework manager 52 assigns the “_businessKey” roleas follows: all number =“/>

Calendar Type Level businessKey Gregorian Year [Calendar Year] Quarter[Calendar Quarter] Month [Calendar Month] Day [Calendar Day] Other<Calendar Type> Year [<Calendar Type> Year] <Calendar Type> Quarter[<Calendar Type> Quarter] <Calendar Type> Period [<Calendar Type>Period] <Calendar Type> Day [Calendar Date]

For_memberCaption, an additional item is created with the name.

memberCaption]. This is done as follows: For Gregorian calendars Year  

memberCaption] = cast( [Calendar Year], char(4) ) Quarter  

memberCaption] = cast( [Calendar Quarter], char(1) ) Month  

memberCaption] = [Calendar Month Name] Day  

memberCaption] =  Case   When [Calendar Day] >= 10 Then    cast([Calendar Day], char(2) )   Else ‘0’ || cast( [Calendar Day], char(1) ) End For <Calendar Type> calendars <Calendar Type> Year  

memberCaption] = cast( [<Calendar Type> Year], char(4) ) <Calendar Type>Quarter  

memberCaption] = cast( [<Calendar Type> Quarter], char(1) ) <CalendarType> Period  

memberCaption] =  Case   When [<Calendar Type> Period] >= 10 Then   cast( [<Calendar Type> Period], char(2) )   Else ‘0’ || cast([<Calendar Type> Period], char(1) )  End <Calendar Type> Day  

memberCaption] =  Case   When [<Calendar Type> Day] >= 10 Then    cast([<Calendar Type> Day], char(2) )   Else ‘0’ || cast( [<Calendar Type>Day], char(1) )  End

The multi-currency reporting rule is that each measure identified in thewarehouse model as “monetary” is presented in local currency as well asin up to 5 reporting currencies. The measures are created within themeasure dimension and the target currency attributes are created withinthe regular dimension.

The rules relating to metadata include rules relating to metadata datasource, and metadata name space.

The metadata data source rule is that in order to support the case wherethe mart and the metadata are in separate machines, the metadata objectsuse a separate data source connection.

The metadata name space rule is that the target model contains anamespace that contains objects used to report against the metadata ofthe data warehouse solution system 10. The target framework manager 52uses production management and lineage.

On the data warehouse side, the metadata model 20 provides a logicaldata model, i.e., data information model 24, for the data warehouse 110.The data management service unit 44 specifies the sourcing logic as tohow to get data into the data warehouse 110 from the source systems 100.The data management service unit 44 has a data warehouse objects manager60, ETL code generator 62, data load manager 68, database data manager64 and database table manager 66.

The data warehouse objects manager 60 manages creation and alteration ofobjects, e.g., data warehouse tables, in the data warehouse 110.

The ETL code generator 62 generates ETL code to extract, transform andload data in the data warehouse 110 from the source systems 100. Thelogical data model 24 becomes reality once the engine 40 generates theETL code for creation and alteration of the data warehouse tables, andfor loading of the data in the data warehouse tables. The ETL codegenerator 62 provides the generated ETL code to the database datamanager 64 and the database table manager 66. The database data manager64 is provided for loading of data into data warehouse tables. Thedatabase table manager 66 is provided for creating data warehouse tablesand altering them when the structure of the data warehouse 110 changes.

The ETL code generator 62 automatically determines the order of load sothat data warehouse tables are loaded in the correct order. Withtraditional ETL development, the developer needed to specify the loadorder to correctly load data warehouse tables. With the data warehousemanagement system 10, the load order is inferred automatically from themetadata that indicates dependencies between warehouse objects. Forexample, In a snowflake schema, the ETL code generator 62 determines theload order such that the outrigger table is loaded before the maindimension.

The ETL code generator 62 supports changed data capture. Changed datacapture is the ability to extract only the data that has been updated orcreated since the previous load. The ETL code generator 62 identifieschanges from one of more date or integer fields on the source system 10.For example, the ETL code generator 62 may extract the data using Fromand To date range in the source date. The ETL code generator 62 may givethe user an option to change From/To Dates to desired dates in past orthe future according to the users needs. On incremental load, the ETLcode generator 62 re-sets From Date to the value equal to the To Date ofthe previous load and To Date incremented by a predetermined interval.

The ETL code generator 62 may also use additional rules related to datadependency and load size control. It uses dependencies between warehouseobjects based on load phase, rather than on extract phase.

The ETL code generator 62 may use dependency by reference and dependencyby data. The dependency by reference can be described through theexample of fact object, which includes the surrogate keys reference ofthe dimensional object. This reference between a fact object anddimensional object creates the dependency, which dictates the sequenceof data extraction. In this case, the ETL code generator 62 extracts adimensional object before the fact object.

The dependency by data allows keeping the data synchronized betweenvarious data warehouse objects. For example, consider that the data isloaded in Sales Order fact up to Jan. 01, 2004. It is important toinsure that the data in the dimension is also loaded up to Jan. 01,2004. If this is not a case, the ETL code generator 62 checks if thedimensional data is refreshed before loading the fact data. If the datais not refreshed in the dimension, the ETL code generator 62 extractsthe fact data only to the last changed date of the dimension. When morethen one dimension is extracted, the ETL code generator 62 selects theminimum date of all the dimensions' last changed date.

The ETL code generator 62 may allow the user to “skip” the dimensionaljob. In that case, the ETL code generator 62 ignores the datadependency. For example, the user may decide to skip the load job forthe data for some warehouse objects, e.g., All Time, Status, Unit OfMeasure, because these data are not likely to change very often and thusthese objects are not needed to be refreshed frequently. To control theload of these objects, the ETL code generator 62 allows the user to skipthe job execution and put the job on hold until certain date in afuture. For example, if All Time dimension is loaded until Jan. 01,2010, there is no need to execute All Time job before Jan. 01, 2010.User can specify to skip the All Time job and put All Time job on holduntil Jan. 01, 2010. Also, the user may decide to skip the load job toperform ad-hoc execution of one or any set of objects. In this case, theETL code generator 62 checks the references and data dependencies tovalidate the job and to insure the right job execution sequence.

The ETL code generator 62 provides load size control to provide the useran option to load large volumes of data in small batches. The load sizecontrol may be provided through a “load interval” setting that sets thesize of each batch. When the load size is specified, the ETL codegenerator 62 sets To Date to a value of From Date plus the number ofdays to load. For example, if the user wants to extract the data for oneyear using 120 days of data at a time, the user can set a “loadinterval” to 120 days so that the ETL code generator 62 extracts andload the data three times for this year.

The ETL code generator 62 also allows phase control. Some of sourceoperational systems allow only limited time access window to extract thedata. In order to use those source systems, the ETL code generator 62provides the user with an option to optimize the load processes. The ETLcode generator 62 allows the user to decide to first extract the datafor all warehouse objects and then load the result of the extractioninto the warehouse, or perform complete load of one object beforestarting to extract an another object. For example, the ETL codegenerator 62 may provide load phase options of extract all objects andload all objects, extract and load per warehouse object, extract only,and load only.

The ETL code generator 62 may allow the user to set these dates andintervals or select options through the data load manager 68. The dataload manager 68 manages job scheduling. The data load manager 68 managesthe incremental load of data into the data warehouse 110 to avoidreloading all data every time when the data warehouse 110 is activated.For example, the data load manager 68 can incrementally load a month ata time, and once the whole historical set of data is loaded, it canincrementally add on a day by day basis just the data that is added orchanged on that day.

The data management service unit 44 generates the initial targetframework model 112 which then becomes available for consumption andextension by the report management service unit 42.

The source model generator 46 generates one or more source frameworkmodels (102 in FIG. 7) for the data source systems 100 to provide alevel of abstraction between the source systems 100 and the datamanagement service unit 44. A source framework model is a semantic layerthat provides a logical business representation of a complex physicaldata model of the source systems 100. The source model generator 46 hasone or more source framework managers 70. A source framework manager 70is a query and reporting model manager that is capable of generating andmanaging a model for its associated data source system 100 that theengine 40 uses for getting data from the source system 100. Because thestructure of each source system 100 varies by implementation, it is notpossible to create a predefined model of each source system 100 andpackage such a model in advance. The packaged data warehouse solutionsystem 10 contains the source framework manager 70 that accesses andreads the logic information, e.g., business names, descriptions, userdefined columns and tables, and other configuration information, fromthe source systems 110 and reflects it in the source framework model 102so that the data warehouse solution system 10 can build a data warehouse110 from the specific implementation of the source systems 100. Theengine 40 typically provides a single model generator 46 which generatesa source framework model 102 per each source system type and version.

FIG. 6 shows an analysis type framework 80 on which the report manager50 of the engine 40 is based to provide templates for generatingreports. The framework 80 illustrates the way that users typically viewinformation. The framework 80 includes analytic analysis type 82 andoperational analysis type 84. The analytic analysis type 82 includestemplates that are optimized for looking at variances 91, trends 92,dimensional breakdown of information including contributions 93 andcross-tab contribution 94, detailed summaries 95, profile 96 and cycletime aging 97. The operational analysis type 84 includes templates thatare optimized for looking at transaction list 98 and transaction detail99 such as sales order, invoice, purchase order, requisition andcontract.

FIGS. 7-9 show an architecture illustrating how the data warehousesolution system 10 works. The basic principle is shown in FIG. 7. Thedata warehouse solution system 10 takes data from source ERP systems 100via one or more source framework models 102, and loads the data into adata warehouse 110. The data warehouse solution system 10 generates atarget framework model 112 on top of the data warehouse 110 so that thedesired data is served up to users via the business intelligence tools120 as reports.

The source framework models 102 are semantic layers that contain logicalbusiness representation of source systems 100. The source frameworkmodels 102 describe the information available from that source systems100. The data warehouse solution system 10 source data from thesesemantic layers. Providing the semantic layers makes easier to finddesired data. By using such source framework models 102, the datawarehouse solution system 10 does not need to use a direct connection tothe data source systems 100. This eliminates the need to write by thedata warehouse solution system 10 database code, such as SQL code, forthe data warehouse extraction. The data warehouse solution system 10instead has the level of abstraction by the source framework model 102between the source systems 100 and the extraction code that the datawarehouse solution system 10 generates.

The data warehouse solution system 10 also uses the target frameworkmodel 112 that gives the business intelligence tools 120 a semanticlayer from which they read the data warehouse 110. Thus, the user canview the desired data via the business intelligence tools 120 throughreports.

FIG. 8 shows how the data warehouse solution system 10 is designed tomanage the creation of the data warehouse 110 and the delivery ofreports. FIG. 9 shows the metadata flows among the components and modelsshown in FIG. 8.

The data warehouse solution system 10 uses the content library 26 andthe modeling Ul 32 throughout the process. The data warehouse solutionsystem 10 also uses various components of the engine 40.

The source framework manager 70 of the engine 40 accesses the sourcesystems 100, and implements the source framework models 102. Themodeling Ul 32 presents to the users a data information model 24 whichwas originally deployed out of the content library 26. The database datamanager 64 and database table manager 66 of the engine 40 work on thisdata information model 24 to extract data from the source systems 100,create the data warehouse 110, and load the extracted data into the datawarehouse 110.

The target framework manager 52 of the engine 40 builds a targetframework model 112 on top of the data warehouse 110, which then getsconsumed by information needs model 22. The modeling Ul 32 presents tothe users the information needs model 22. The report manager 42generates reports from the information needs model 22.

The source framework manger 70 of the source model generator 46 isfurther described in detail. The source framework manger 70 providesauto configuration functions for the source framework models 102.

Source systems 100 may be ERP systems having database tables which storetechnical database information without much business specificintelligence. Each database table simply contains multiple segments ofdata for multiple attributes. Examples of such ERP systems 100 includeSAP, OFA, JD Edwards, and PeopleSoft (PSFT). A typical ERP system 100presents to users a business view of the data in the database tableswith additional business information, e.g., business names anddescriptions, so that the technical database information is turned intobusiness readable information that is useable for the users. The sourceframework manager 70 obtains business logic information regarding thebusiness views of the source systems 100, and creates and maps the logicinformation to a source framework model 102. The source framework manger70 obtains the logic information, e.g., business names and descriptions,user defined columns and tables, lookups which are used within thesource system 100, and the manner that information is stored in thesource system 100.

The source framework manger 70 automatically performs this logic loadingfrom the source systems 100. As shown in FIG. 10, the source frameworkmanger 70 access a model of a data dictionary of an ERP system (150).The source framework manger 70 then reads from the ERP system businessdescriptions, scaling factors and other configuration information (152),and generates a source framework metadata (154). The source frameworkmanger 70 applies corrections for, e.g., missing relationships orduplicate names, to the metadata (156), and generates a source frameworkmodel 102 based on the corrected metadata (158).

These corrections (156) allow the data warehouse solution system 10 tocompensation for poor metadata on the source system 100. The correctionsalso provide a buffer that protects the application from changes to thesource system 100. For example, if a column is renamed in the sourcesystem 100, the source framework manager 70 issues a correction thatmakes a new version of the source appear like the original version, andhence preserves the source to target mappings.

The database table manager 66 allows the user, through the modeling Ul32, to create and modify indices created as a result of the warehouseobject design of the data information model 24.

When a user is creating a new dimension or fact warehouse object in datainformation model 24, the database table manager 66 creates a physicaltable in the data store of the data warehouse 110. When a user deletes apreviously created warehouse object from data information model 24, thedatabase table manager 66 deletes the object in question from the datawarehouse 110.

The same also applies for warehouse item. When a user deletes warehouseitem, the database table manager 66 automatically deletes thecorresponded column. If this column is used in an index, the databasetable manager 66 automatically drops the index and recreates it withoutthe column that was removed.

When the user adds a new column for sourcing for the data warehouseobject, the database table manager 66 adds the new column to thephysical table in the target data store in the data warehouse 110.

When a user changes the sourcing for a particular dimension or fact in adata source system 100, the database table manager 66 does not changethe physical table in the data warehouse 110 in cases when the data typedoes not change. In cases where the sourcing data type is different thanthe original, the database table manager 66 performs additionalprocessing to update columns and indices of the tables in the datawarehouse 110 as necessary, as further described below. The databasetable manager 66 permits changing of data types only if the data valuesare consistent. If this column is used else where, for example, as areference, the database table manager 66 informs the user of thesedependencies through the modeling Ul 32.

When a user changes the name of a previously defined warehouse object,if this object is used else where, for example, as a reference, thedatabase table manager 66 automatically updates all the references.

When a user changes the name of a specific warehouse item, if this itemis used else where, for example, as a reference, the database tablemanager automatically updates all the references.

When a user wants to add a new index, the database table manager 66creates an index statement, and uses the same abbreviation standards asper creation of tables. In the case where a user modifies an index, thedatabase table manager 66 may drop the index and create a new index, oralter the index. The database table manager 66 maintains index namesunique across a database or database schema. Whenever columns areremoved from a table, the database table manager 66 performs adependency analysis across the database to see if any indices have beenimpacted.

The database table manager 66 generates basic Data Description Language(DDL) scripts for managing or preserving properties of data warehousetables. The database table manager 66 manages properties of datawarehouse tables, columns, foreign keys, indices and materialized views.The database table manager 66 manages table properties, i.e., tablename, of tables created within the context of the data warehouse 110.The database table manager 66 manages column properties i.e. name, datatypes, nullability and default values. In addition, the database tablemanager 66 provides the user with the option to bring in columns fromdata warehouse objects in the database 100 into the data warehouse 110,which provides a three way check.

FIGS. 11-15 are flowcharts showing examples of the table managementprocess by the database table manager 66. As shown in FIG. 11, thedatabase table manager 66 starts the table management process 200 withtable and column managements 201, then performs indices management 202.The database table manager 66 performs these managements 201, 202 forall relevant tables 203, and then performs foreign key management 204.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the table management of the tables andcolumns managements 201 shown in FIG. 11. In this example, the databasehas three groups of tables: Green—required tables for current stage ofdata information model 24, Yellow—required tables for previous stage ofdata information model 24 (as of last information model 24 change) andWhite—the tables that are presently in a database. The database tablemanager 66, for each Green table 210, checks if the Green table ID is inYellow tables 211. If no ID matches, it checks if the Green table nameis in White tables 212. If no, the database table manager 66 creates anewt able based on the Green table with all columns 213.

If the Green table name is in a White table 212, the database tablemanager 66 compares all columns of the Green table and the White table214. If the tables are equivalent 215, the database table manager 66maps the Green table to the White table 216. If the tables are notequivalent, the database table manager 66 issues an error message toindicate the mismatch and that it founds a table in the White group withthe same name as the Green table but with different and unmappablecontents 217.

If the Green table ID is in a Yellow table 211, the database tablemanager 66 checks if the Green table name is the same as the Yellowtable name 218. If no match, it further checks if the Yellow table nameis in the White tables 219. If no, it checks if the Green table name isin the White tables 220. If yes, the process goes to step 214. If no,the database table manager 66 creates a new Green table in the Whitetables 221. As the Yellow table name is missing from the White tables,it creates the Green table in the White tables including all columns.

If the Yellow table name is in a White table 219, the database tablemanager 66 checks if the Green table name is in the White table 222. Ifyes, it compares all columns in the Green table and in the White table223. If the tables are equivalent 224, the database table manager 66maps the Green table to the White table 225. It provides the userchoices to drop or delete the Yellow named table from the White tables,or to keep the Yellow named table in the White tables. If the tables arenot equivalent 226, the database table manager 66 generates an errormessage to indicates mismatch and that it tried to create a Green tablein White but failed because one already exists with unmappable contents.

If the Green table name is in a White table 222, the database tablemanager 66 compares all columns in the Green table and the White tablewith the Yellow table name 227. If the equivalence test is passed 228,the database table manager 66 renames the White table to a Green table229. If the equivalent test is not passed 228, the database tablemanager 66 generates an error message to indicate mismatch and that ittied to rename a White table from the Yellow table to a Green table butfailed because of unmappable contents 230.

If the Green table name is not the same as the Yellow table name 218,the database table manager 66 checks if the Green name is in the Whitetables 231. If no match was found, then the database table manager 66creates a new table in the White tables based on the Green table addingall columns 232.

If the Green table name is in a White table 231, the database tablemanager 66 compares all columns in the Green table and the White table233. If the comparison succeeded 234, the database table manager 66 doesnot need to do anything 235. If no, the database table manager 66generates an error message to indicates mismatch and that it tried toalter the White table from the Green table but failed because ofunmappable contents 236.

When the database table manager 66 finishes with all Green tables 237,it selects a next table from the Yellow table 238. It checks if theyellow table ID is in the Green tables 239. If no, it checks if theYellow table name is in the White tables 240. If the Yellow table nameis in a White table, the database table manager 66 compares all columnsin the Yellow table and the White table 241. If the tables areequivalent 242, the database table manager 66 drops the Yellow tablefrom the White tables as it found the old Yellow table in the Whitetables and not in the Green tables 243. If they are not equivalent 242,the database table manager 66 generates an error message to indicatesmismatch and that it found a table in the White tables with the samename as the Yellow table but different and unmappable contents 244.

If the Yellow table name is not in the White tables 240, the databasetable manager 66 does not do any thing as the reference was found in theYellow table but not found in the White tables 245. The database tablemanager 66 returns to step 238 until all Yellow tables are processed246.

The column processing steps 214, 223, 227, 233 and 241 maybe performedas shown in FIG. 13.

The database table manager 66, for each column from the Green table 250,checks if the Green column ID is in the Yellow tables 251. If no IDmatch, it checks if the Green column name exists in the White table 252.If no match, the database table manager 66 creates a column with theGreen definition 253.

If the Green column name exits in the White table 252, the databasetable manager 66 compares columns of the Green table and the White table254. If the comparison did not throw an error 255, the database tablemanager 66 maps the Green columns to the White table as it found theGreen table in the White tables but not in the Yellow tables 256. If thecomparison threw an error 255, the database table manager 66 issues anerror message to indicate the mapping the Green columns to the Whitetable failed as it found the Green column in the White tables but itcould not map 257.

If the Green column ID is in a Yellow table 251, the database tablemanager 66 checks if the Green column name is the same as the Yellowcolumn name 258. If no, it checks if the Yellow column name is in theWhite 259. If no, it checks if the Green column name is in White 260. Ifyes, the process goes to step 254. If no, the database table manager 66creates a column with the Green definition in the Yellow table, not inthe White table 261.

If the Yellow column name is in the White table 259, the database tablemanager 66 checks if the Green column name is in the White table 262. Ifyes, it compares columns in the Green table and in the White tables 263.If the comparison threw an error 264, the database table manager 66generates an error message to indicates that it found the Green columnin the White tables but not in the Yellow tables, and that it attemptedto map the Green columns to the White table but could not map 265. Ifthe comparison did not throw an error 264, the database table manager 66maps the Green columns to the White table 266. The database tablemanager 66 compares columns in the Yellow table and in the White table267. If the comparison threw an error 268, the database table manager 66generates an error message to indicates that it found the Green columnin the Yellow tables with different details, but found the Green columnsequivalent with the White table and successfully mapped, and that alsoit found the Yellow column in the White tables but with differentdetails, and left the White table alone and removed the Yellow columnfrom the Yellow table 269. If the comparison did not throw an error 268,the database table manager 66 drops the Yellow column from the Whitetable 270.

If The Green column name is in the White table 262, the database tablemanager 66 compares columns in the Green table and the White tablereturned to in the Yellow table 271. If the comparison threw an error268, the database table manager 66 creates a Green column in the Whitetable as it found the Green column in the Yellow table with differentname and no Green column in the White table, and it tried matching thenew Green column with the old White column referred to in the Yellowtable and failed 273. It can optionally drop the White column referredto in the Yellow table at step 273. If the comparison did not throw anerror 268, the database table manager 66 alters the White columnreferred to in the Yellow table to match the Green column 274.

If the Green column name is the same as the Yellow column name 258, thedatabase table manager 66 checks if the Green column is in the Whitetable 275. If no, it creates a column with Green definition 276. If yes,it compares columns in the Green table and in the White table 277. Ifthe comparison did not throw an error, the database table manager 66does not need to do anything 279. If the comparison threw an error 278,the database table manager 66 generates an error message to indicatesthat it found the Green column in the Yellow table and the White table,but could not map 280. It gives the user options to change the Whitecolumn to the Green column or to change the Green column to the Whitecolumn at step 280.

When the database table manager 66 finishes with all Green columns 281,it selects next column from the Yellow tables 282. It checks if theYellow column ID is in the Green table 283. If yes, it goes back to step282. If no, it checks if the Yellow column name is in the White table284. If yes, the database table manager 66 provides the user options todrop the Yellow column name from the White table, leave it in the Whitetable, or put it back in the Green table 285. If no, the database tablemanager 66 skips as it found an old reference in the Yellow table butnot in the White table 286.

When the database table manager 66 finishes with all Yellow columns 287,it selects next column from the White table 288. It checks if the Whitecolumn ID is in the Yellow table 289. If yes, it goes back to step 288.If no, the database table manager 66 provides the user options to dropthe Yellow column from the White table, leave it in the White table, orimport it into the Green table 290. The database table manager 66returns to step 288 until all White columns are processed 291.

The column comparison steps 254, 263, 267, 271 and 277 maybe performedas shown in FIG. 13A. To compare column A with column B 300, thedatabase table manager 66 checks if the columns A and B are differenttypes 301. If no, it checks if they have different names 302. Ifdifferent names, the database table manager 66 renames B column to Acolumn 303. The comparison is successful and it provides the information304. If they are not different names 302, it goes to step 304. If thecolumns A and B are different types 301, the database table manager 66checks if they can coerce 305. If yes, it switches the column type fromB to A 306 and goes to step 302. If no, it determines that it cannotcoerce column from B to A 307 and generates an error 308.

FIG. 14 shows an example of the index management 202 shown in FIG. 11.The database table manager 66, for each index from the Green table 310,checks if the Green index ID is in the Yellow table 311. If no ID match,it checks if the Green index name exists in the White table 312. If nomatch, the database table manager 66 creates an index with the Greendefinition 313.

If the Green index name exits in the White table 312, the database tablemanager 66 compares indices of the Green table and the White table 314.If the comparison did not throw an error 315, the database table manager66 maps the Green table to the White table as it found the Green indexin the White table but not in the Yellow table 316. If the comparisonthrew an error 315, the database table manager 66 issues an errormessage to indicate the mapping the Green table to the White tablefailed as it found the Green index in the White table but it could notmap 317.

If the Green index ID is in the Yellow table 311, the database tablemanager 66 checks if the Green index name is the same as the Yellowindex name 318. If no, it checks if the Yellow index name is in theWhite table 319. If no, it checks if the Green index name is in theWhite table 320. If yes, the process goes to step 314. If no, thedatabase table manager 66 creates an index with the Green definition inthe Yellow table, not in the White table 321.

If the Yellow index name is in the White table 319, the database tablemanager 66 checks if the Green index name is in the White table 322. Ifyes, it compares indices in the Green table and the White table 323. Ifthe comparison threw an error 324, the database table manager 66generates an error message to indicates that it found the Green index inthe White table but not in the Yellow table, and that it attempted tomap the Green indices to the White table but could not map 325. If thecomparison did not throw an error 324, the database table manager 66maps the Green indices to the White table 326. The database tablemanager 66 compares indices in the Yellow table and the White table 327.If the comparison threw an error 328, the database table manager 66generates an error message to indicates that it fund the Green index inthe Yellow table with different details, but found the Green indicesequivalent in the White table and successfully mapped, and that also itfound the Yellow index in the White table but with different details,and left the White table alone and removed the Yellow index from theYellow table 329. If the comparison did not throw an error 328, thedatabase table manager 66 drops the Yellow index from the White table330.

If The Green index name is in the White table 322, the database tablemanager 66 compares indices in the Green table and the White indexreturned to in the Yellow table 331. If the comparison threw an error328, the database table manager 66 can create and/or drop as it foundthe Green index in the Yellow table with different name and no Greenindex in the White table, and it tried matching the new Green index withthe old White index referenced to in the Yellow table and failed 333. Itprovides the user options to create new Green index and drop the Whiteindex referred to in the Yellow table, to upload the White index intothe Green table and keep the Green index name, or to upload the Whiteindex into the Green table and keep the White index name. If thecomparison did not throw an error 328, the database table manager 66alters the White index referred to in the Yellow table to match Green334.

If the Green index name is the same as the Yellow index 318, thedatabase table manager 66 checks if the Green index is in the Whitetable 335. If no, it creates an index with the Green definition 336. Ifyes, it compares indices in the Green table and the White table 337. Ifthe comparison did not throw an error, the database table manager 66does not need to do anything 339. If the comparison threw an error 338,the database table manager 66 generates an error message to indicatesthat it found the Green index in the Yellow table and the White tablebut could not map 340. It gives the user options to change the Whiteindex to the Green index or to change the Green index to the White indexat step 340.

When the database table manager 66 finishes with all Green indices 341,it selects a next index from the Yellow table 342. It checks if theYellow index ID is in the Green table 343. If yes, it goes back to step342. If no, it checks if the Yellow index name is in the White table344. If yes, the database table manager 66 provides the user options todrop the yellow index from the White table, or leave it in the Whitetable 345. If no, the database table manager 66 skips as it found an oldreference in the Yellow table but not in the White table 346.

When the database table manager 66 finishes with all Yellow indices 347,it selects a next index from the White table 348. It checks if the Whiteindex name in the Yellow table or the Green table 349. If yes, it goesback to step 348. If no, the database table manager 66 checks if all theindex columns exist in the Green table 350. If no, it generates an errormassage that it found the index in the White table but it is notsupported by the new Green table 351. If yes, it checks if all thecolumns are of the same type 352. If no, it checks if the mismatchingcolumns can be coerced 353. If no, it generates an error message that itfound the index in the White table with support in the new Green tablebut column types do not match 354. If yes, it generates an error messagethat it found the index in the White table with support in the new Greentable but column types need coercing, and gives the user options to dropthe index from the White table or recreate it with new column types 355.If all the columns are of the same type 352, the database table manager66 generates an error message that it found unreferenced index in theWhite table with a match in the Green table, and gives the user optionsto drop the index from the White table, leave it in the White table, orimport it into the Green table 356. The database table manager 66returns to step 348 until all White indices are processed 357.

The index comparison steps 314, 323, 333, 331 and 337, maybe performedas shown in FIG. 14A. To compare index A with index B 360, the databasetable manager 66 checks if all columns used in the B index are in A 361If no, it generates an error message that it duplicate index name isfound with different definition, and gives options to drop B and createA, delete A, or delete A and update B definition 362. It returns anerror 363. If all columns used in B index are in A 361, the databasetable manager 66 checks if the column order of A and B match 364. If no,it goes to step 362. If yes, it checks if column types of A and B match365. If no, it checks if it can be corrected 366. If no, it goes to step362. If yes, it drops B and recreate with definition of A 367. If columntypes of A and B match 365, the database table manager 66 checks iftable is being renamed 368. If yes, it drops and recreate the index 369.If no, the comparison is successful 370.

FIG. 15 shows an example of the foreign key management 204 shown in FIG.11. The database table manager 66, for each key from the Green tables380, checks if the parent table exist in the Green tables 381. If no, itchecks if the child table exists in the Green tables 382. If no, thedatabase table manager 66 determines that the key is out of scope 383.If yes, it checks if the parent table exist in the White tables 384. Ifno, the database table manager 66 drops the key as the parent tabledefinition is missing from the Green tables and White tables 385. Ifyes, it checks if all the key columns exist in the parent table 386. Ifno, it drops the key as columns are missing from the White parent 387.If yes, it checks if the key columns are the primary key of the parenttable 388. If no, it drops the key as the primary key is mismatch on theWhite parent table 389. If yes, it checks if the key columns are thesame types 390. If no, it checks if columns can be coerced 391. If no,it drops the key as primary key column type mismatch on the White parenttable 392.

If the parent table exist in the Green tables 381, the database tablemanager 66 checks if all the key columns exist in parent table 393. Ifno, it drops the key as columns are missing from Green parent table 394.If yes, it checks if the key columns are the primary key of the parenttable 395. If no, it drops the key as the primary key is mismatch on theWhite parent table 396. If yes, it checks if the key columns are thesame types 397. If no, it checks if columns can be coerced 398. If no,it drops the key as primary key column type mismatch on the Green parenttable 399.

If yes at steps 390, 391, 397 and 398, the database table manager 66checks if the child table exists in the Green tables 382. If no, itchecks if the child table exists in the White tables 401. If no, thedatabase table manager 66 drops the key as child table definition ismissing from Green tables and White tables 402. If yes, it checks if allthe key columns exist in child 403. If no,: it drops the key as columnsare missing from the White child table 404. If yes, it checks if the keycolumns are the same types 405. If no, it checks if columns can becoerced 406. If no, it drops the key as primary key column type mismatchon the White child table 407.

If the child table exists in the Green tables 400, it checks if all thekey columns exist in child table 408. If no, it drops the key as columnsare missing from Green child table 409. If yes, it checks if the keycolumns are the same types 410. If no, it checks if columns can becoerced 411. If no, it drops the key as primary key column type mismatchon the Green child table 412.

If yes at steps 405, 406, 410 and 411, the database table manager 66creates a key 413. The database table manager 66 returns to step 380until all foreign keys are processed 414.

The database table manager 66 manages foreign keys created within thedata warehouse 110, and allows bringing in foreign keys in from thedatabase 100 only if both tables (parent and child) exist in the sourceframework model 102. The database table manager 66 manages the name andcolumns for a foreign key relationship. It may use an assumption thatthe foreign key is to the primary key of the parent.

The database table manager 66 also manages indices within the datawarehouse 110. The database table manager 66 gives the user the optionto bring in indices from the database 100 into the data warehouse 110.The modeling Ul 32 allows users to create indices with columnspecification, index type property and ordering.

The database table manager 66 preserves foreign key relationships when atable is dropped or recreated. If a destructive action has occurred,such as change in primary key, then the database table manager 66 dropsthe foreign key will be dropped, and maintains the relationshipsregardless of whether it is the parent or child table that is in thedata warehouse 110.

The database table manager 66 preserves tablespace settings for tables,indices, and materialized views. The database table manager 66 may use apreserve tablespace flag. If the flag is set to yes, when views, tablesor columns need to be dropped/recreated in the database 100, thedatabase table manager 66 queries the database 100 to see whichtablespace in which the objects reside and when recreating them specifythe same tablespace. When a new object is being created, the databasetable manager 66 uses a default tablespace. If the flag is set to no,when views, tables or columns need to be drop/recreated from thedatabase, or when creating a new table/column, the database tablemanager 66 may use a default tablespace.

The database table manager 66 also manages materialized views createdwithin the data warehouse 110. The database table manager 66 does notgive users the ability to import views created in the database 100 thatare not previously in the data warehouse 110.

The database table manager 66 also preserves materialized view commitsetting. If the user changes this setting in the database 100, thedatabase table manager 66 preserves the change when dropping andrecreating the view.

The modeling Ul 32 displays to the user the impacts on the physicalobjects in the data source systems 100 as a result or a design change ofthe data source systems 100. The modeling Ul 32 allows the user to seethe resulting structure from the design change, compared to the lastphysical object design, compared to the structure of the physical objectin the data source systems 100.

Model changes by a user such as rename in some relational databasemanagement systems (RDBMS) that require a drop and recreate of aphysical table in order to carry out the change by the table managementengine 62 are transparent to the user. The database data manager 64preserves data during this process of dropping and recreating the table.The database data manager 64 also allows the user to manage existingindices and the primary keys, i.e., to change the name and compositionof the indices and also to allow for the creation of new keys.

The data movement and transformation performed by the database datamanager 64 is now described in detail. The best practice logic for ETLconsists of two stages: an extract and transformation stage, and a loadstage. All transformations happen in the extract and transformationstage. The load stage is the same regardless of the structure and logicused in the extract and transformation stage.

To manager data movement and transformations, existing systems defineeach process of data movement or transformations, and specify each stepof the process as to what the system should do, e.g., specify each stepto read data, transform the data and write the data. The database datamanager 64 eliminates the need of specifying each of intermediate steps.The database data manager 64 contains the predefined data processingsteps or rules needed to carry out various types of movement andtransformations. The database data manager 64 takes data, and turns itinto output data using these steps contained in the database datamanager 64. This allows upgrade of the data warehouse solution system 10without user intervention.

Thus, the data warehouse solution system 10 is upgradeable. A customercan implement a version of the data warehouse solution system 10 andmake modifications to the system 10. Then, the customer can implement anew version of the data warehouse solution system 10 and preserve\ inthe new version automatically the modifications that the customer hasmade to the previous version, as further described below.

FIG. 16 shows an example of data movement from a model 500 of the sourcesystem 100 to a model 510 of the data warehouse 110. The source systemmodel 500 has boxes 502 beside items to allow the user to select desireditems. The warehouse model 510 shows how the selected items appear inthe warehouse 110. FIG. 16 conceptually visualizes the data movementcarried out by the database data manager 64 with a big pipe 520 in whichdata of the items selected from the source model 500 is entered, andfrom which the data comes out at the side of the warehouse model 510.This is possible since the database data manager 64 contains the stepsneeded to carry out this data movement.

The database data manager 64 may perform various types of data movement,including performance related type, capture and manage seed data typeand management related type. The performance related type data movementincludes data movement with changed data capture, bulk load, stage andthen load, and update database statistics. The capture and manage seeddata type data movement uses seed, or manually entered data intowarehouse. The management related type data movement includes datamovement with phased initial load, load a..\load singular, auto loaddependency setting, set load parameters, hold load, error recovery, andob audit and logging. The database data manager 64 contains the stepsneeded to carry out these types of data movement.

FIG. 17 shows another example which includes the notion of datatransformation while the data is moved from the source system model 500to the warehouse model 512. Data of the items selected from the sourcemodel 500 is entered into the pipe 520, and transformed data comes outfrom the pipe 520 at the side of the warehouse model 512. Some times theusers want to add things to the data while it is in the pipe 520. Inthis example, a hierarchy flattening transformation 522 is applied tothe data. The hierarchy flattening transformation 522 produces flattenedhierarchy columns. There is a single level for Customer id and CustomerName in the source system model 500, but there are level 1 to level 5for Customer ID and Customer Name in the output warehouse model 512. Thedatabase data manager 64 contains the hierarchy flatteningtransformation 522.

The database data manager 64 may include various data transformations ina similar manner to the hierarchy flattening transformation 522. FIG. 18shows examples of data transformations that the database data manager 64may contain in addition to hierarchy flattening transformation:transformations for pivot 560, aggregation 580, combining data 590,change management 600, and domain 610 specific.

A pivot transformation 560 provides data pivoting. There are two typesof pivot transformations 560: “column to row” pivot transformation 562and “row to column” pivot transformation 564. “Column to row” datapivoting is a technique that treats multiple table columns as thoughthey were a single column with multiple values. The “column to row”pivot transformation 562 rotates specified table columns through 90° toform rows. The “row to column” pivot transformation 564 rotatesspecified table rows through 90° to form columns. Using a pivottransformation, the user can change the shape of the data. The user cancreate a single pivot or multiple pivot values.

FIG. 19 shows an example of a single “column to row” pivottransformation 562. When the user identify a pivot by attribute and thevalues; i.e., by target pivot attributes 658 and query attributes 656, atable 650 is pivoted to a table 652.

A hierarchy flattening transformation 570 has two types: parent/childhierarchy flattening transformation 572 and implied hierarchytransformation 572. A parent/child hierarchy transformation 572 presentsa particular view of a business dimension. It organizes the structuredata into levels that represent parent/child relationships. Eachhierarchy can have as many levels as the user requires. Each levelcontains a set of members.

FIG. 20 shows an example of a parent/child hierarchy flatteningtransformation 572. In this example, a product hierarchy is based uponthe relationships between rows of the same table 660. In relationalterms, these are recursive relationships. The source table 660 includescolumns named product_type, product_cd, and parent_product_cd. Withinthe parent_product_cd column, each row refers to the product_cd value ofits parent. The parent/child hierarchy transformation 572 flattens outto the number of level columns specified by the user, e.g., as shown inthe target table 662. To flatten the hierarchy structure and to buildthe number of required hierarchy levels, the user specifies parenthierarchy attribute, child hierarchy attribute, number of levels, andhierarchy descriptive attributes.

An implied hierarchy transformation 574 derives the hierarchyinformation through the data values of the dimension. The highest numberis a top level and the lowest number is the lowest level. For example,Chart of Account may have a numbering system that is an impliedhierarchy.

FIG. 21 illustrates a set of input data 670 that contains an implicithierarchy. The account number 674 is a numeric series of data. Eachaccount number implies a position in a hierarchy 672. For exampleAccount Number 1000 is a top level node in the hierarchy. AccountNumbers 1100 and 1200 are children of Account Number 1000. AccountNumber 1110 and 1111 are children of 1100.

The implied hierarchy transformation 572 derives a hierarchy 672 from aset of input data 670 that contains a column indicating a numeric orcharacter series 674 and a level number that identifies how deep in thehierarchy each node resides. The parent of each row of data isestablished by sorting the data in the order of the series and then foreach row of input data looking for the most immediate prior row with alevel number of 1 less than the given row. For example in the input data670 the row with Account Number 1111 has a level of 3. Its parent is themost immediate prior row with level number 2, i.e., Account Number 1100.

An aggregation transformation 580 has several types; including a simpleaggregates transformation 582, balances calculation transformation 584,snapshot summaries transformation 586 and materialized viewstransformation 588.

A data aggregation transformation 580 organizes and summarizes largeamounts of data coming from disparate data sources 100. For example, anorganization may wish to summarize the data by various time periods likemonth or year. There are number of different aggregation types: regularaggregation, such as sum, min, may, average, count, last, and first;balance aggregation, such as open balance, close balance, averagebalance, min balance, max balance, and moving averages; and rankingusage, such as forecast usage, required usage, and over usage. Theaggregation transformation 580 is used when the data should be expressedin the summary form based on the grouping key. For example, theaggregation of the fact data along the employee dimension to get thetotal sale amount of particular employee. The duplicate employee data isgrouped together by employee number and summed by sales amount.

FIG. 22 shows an example of an aggregation transformation 580 from asource table 680 to a target table 682. In this example, the aggregationtransformation 580 summarized the Net Amount by grouping keys of Line Noand Document No. The user identifies the group key, which may be morethen one column, and the aggregation rules for other attributes.

The database data manager 64 may provide predefined aggregation methods.Examples of regular aggregation rules include SUM that adds together theduplicate attribute's values, MAX that takes the maximum value of theattribute, MIN that takes the minimum value of the attribute, COUNT thatcounts the members, AVG that averages the members, FIRST that takes thefirst value that occurs (the first answer is always the correct one),FIRST NON-NULL that takes the first non-null value that occurs (thefirst answer is always correct, provided it is present), LAST that takesthe last value that occurs (the latest information is always best), LASTNON-NULL that takes the last non-null value that occurs where the lastrecord represents the last update, but a null value is never animprovement on a previous real value, and ANY that takes one as themerged value. Examples of special aggregation rules include Balancessuch as open balance, close balance, avg balance, and moving avgs;Ranking, such as forecast usage, required usage, and over usage; andAccuracy, such as absolute accuracy %, and relative accuracy %.

A snapshot summaries transformation 586 has two types: periodicsnapshots transformation and accumulating snapshots transformation. Aperiod snapshot transformation is used for assessment of periodproductivity and end of the period workload. A periodic snapshotstransformation is suitably used in Procurement, Sales and HR. Anaccumulating snapshots transformation is used to perform cycle timeanalysis by measuring the duration of various business stages.

The balances accumulation transformation 584 takes the dailytransactional data and creates open, close and average balances for theset of calendar periods. This transformation is typically used infinancial application where a user needs to know the account balance ina period start, end and an average balance during a calendar period.

A combining data transformation 590 may include a join transformation592, merge transformation 594 and lookup transformation 596.

A join transformation 592 joins two or more tables together inrelational database.

A merge transformation 594 is used when the data is coming from severaldifferent data sources and needs to be combined together in the singledata set. The merge transformation 594 may also be used for mergingdisparate input data so that similar key sets of figures, for example,forecast and actual sales figures can be compared.

FIG. 23 shows an example of a merge transformation 594. In order todetermine the key for the merge transformation 594, the user sets themerge keys for each input query. In this example, the mergetransformation 594 merged two source tables 690, 692 into target table694 by the merge keys of Line No and Document No. The same number ofkeys is used from all the inputs and that the same names are used forthe key columns across all the inputs. For example, if employee data iscoming from two sources, which will have to be merged together byemployee id, then in both inputs the merge key should be called employeeid.

A lookup transformation 596 pre-caches and joins the data in the memoryinstead of pushing it to be processed by the database. The data cachedby the lookup transformation 596 can be shared and called at the sametime from multiple reference queries.

FIG. 24 shows an example of lookup transformation 596. To define thelookup transformation 596, the user specifies the source and thereference attributes of the lookup transformation 596. A lookuptransformation 596 includes a business key attribute to identifyreference attributes. In this example, Company ID is identified as thebusiness key attribute to identify the as a Company_Sid referenceattribute. The business key attribute is used in the join between theinput query and the lookup. The same name is used for the lookupbusiness key attribute and “Join From” attribute from the input query toensure the proper join. The user can either lookup the data from thesource framework model 102 or from the target framework model 112 of thedata warehouse 110.

A change management 600 may include track attribute changestransformations 602 and late arriving dimensions transformation 604.

A track attribute changes transformation 602 is a technique for managinghistorical data. It allows the user to maintain dimensions for whichnon-key attributes can change over time without corresponding changes inthe business key, for example, employees may change their departmentwithout changing their employee number, or the specification for aproduct may change without changing the product code.

There are four types of tracking the attribute changes: Type 1 where achanged dimension attribute is overwritten; Type 2 where a changeddimension attribute causes a new dimension member to be created; Type 3where a changed dimension attribute causes an alternate attribute to becreated so that both the old and new values of the attribute aresimultaneously accessible in the same dimension member record; and Type0 where the change to the dimensional attribute is ignored. The user canset the update type for each table attribute.

FIG. 25 shows examples of Types 1 and 2 transformations 602. The trackattribute changes transformation 602 uses overwrite attribute changeswhen historical values are not required, i.e., for a type 1 change. Forexample, a customer's address may change but there is no businessrequirement to track previous addresses. All customer records containingthe address are updated with the new address.

The track attribute changes transformation 602 tracks attribute changeswhen historical data has to be preserved, i.e., for a type 2 change. Forexample, when an employee is moved from branch to branch, all oldtransactions should remain in the old branch, and only new transactionsshould relate to the new branch. If the database data manager 64encounters an attribute that needs a type 2 change, it creates a newdimension data record with the new attribute values, a new surrogatekey, the effective start date and current indicator, current values ofunchanged attributes, and updates the previous record by setting theeffective end date and current indicator with the appropriate previousrecord behavior.

A late arriving dimension transformation 604 transforms late arrivingdimensions. For example, the employee transaction dimension contains theHR transactions for every action taken on an employee, such as hiring,transferring, promoting, and enrolling in benefits programs andterminations. This dimension captures what an employee looks like aftera transaction. It is the employee's profile at a point in time. HRtransactions are sourced from an operational system and inserted intothe Employee Transaction Dimension. Usually, the source data is spreadacross different tables where each table represents different employeeactivity e.g., address change, salary change, department change, etc.Each row of data is a point in time representation of an employee. It isdefined by an effective start date and effective end date. The latearriving dimension transformation 604 handles regular historytransactions (as they are created in a source system), future datedtransactions, and back dated history transactions.

A domain specific transformation 610 may include invoice offsettransformation 612 for Account Payable and Account Receivableapplications, inventory ranking transformation 614 for ranking the levelof stock in the inventory.

An invoice offset transformation is typically used for AccountReceivable and/or Account Payable analysis to track status of paymentsand adjustments applied to invoice over period of time. The invoiceoffset transformation provides the linkage between invoices and paymentsand used to calculate the measures like remaining invoice amount, numberof open and closed invoices and period opening and closing balances.Generally speaking an invoice can be considered any type of transactionthat will increase a balance amount where as a payment or an adjustmentis any type of transaction that will decrease a balance amount. Theoffset transformation handles, for example, Fully Paid Invoice,Partially Paid Invoice, Pre-payment, and Invoice only. It facilitateslinkages between invoices, payments and invoices linked to payments. Theend result is an additive fact (i.e. offset) that allows for thecalculation of balances for invoices and facilitates cycle timeanalysis.

A stock ranking transformation is an inventory specific transformation,which uses inventory rank table manually populated by the user for theanalysis of the cumulative usage value of an item in relation to thetotal plant usage value within an historic period.

The database data manager 64 is capable of creating warehouse objectsusing these transformations 550. The database data manager 64 mayinclude other transformations.

A change data capture (CDC) filters transformation is used to capturedata changes. Data warehouse environments typically involve extraction,transformation, and loading data into the data warehouse from the sourcesystems. It is often desirable to capture the incrementally changed data(delta) from the source system with respect to the previous extract andload into the data warehouse. The changed data capture filtertransformation detects and extracts data using a from and to date range.The changed data capture filter transformation detects the new andchanged data using an attribute with the date data type, or an attributewith numeric data type. The changed data capture filter transformationmay also use external database and ERP logs.

A Query filters transformation is used to control what data is loadedinto the target data warehouse, and the source table fields used for thedata extraction.

A CDC filters transformation and a Query filters transformation arepredefined in the source framework model 102. A CDC filtertransformation is created for each date column. During the mappingprocess, the user can either add the filter from the list of predefinedfilters or can create a completely new filter.

An output expression transformation is a value that is calculated usingan expression that user defines, instead of obtained directly from thesource data. The user can derive values from individual columns in thesource data. For example, you can multiply Price by Units_Sold to createa column named Daily_Sales_Revenue.

An input expression transformation has the same characteristics asoutput expressions except it is initialized before the transformation.

Creation of Expressions is supported in the source model, target modeland as part of transformation process. The source framework manager 70creates source expressions. Expressions may appear as items and filtersin source queries and the target framework model 112. Expressions mayalso be performed as part of the transformation stage (post query). Theresults of expressions may be stored as columns in the warehouse or maybe used to filter data at the time of loading the warehouse.

An output filters transformation is used to restrict a delivery tospecific data rows using an output filter. An output filterstransformation is an expression that results in TRUE or FALSE whenapplied to each output row. Typically, user would use an output filterto horizontally partition data other than by hierarchical levels. Anoutput filter transformation can also use output expression to definethe filter.

A time table transformation is used for the analysis of the data overtime. It holds the calendar date periods and other relevant calendardates based the date range specified by the user.

A currency conversion transformation is used to hold exchange rates whenthe user needs to see the reports in more than one currency.

An unmatched members transformation is used to add the missingdimensional keys to the dimension as part of the fact table load.Usually, dimensional keys are missing from the dimension because of thegap in load time between the fact and the dimension or because somedimensional keys are defined as optional in the source system. Unmatcheddimensional data delivery only populates the data for the dimensionalkey columns and leaves the data unpopulated for all other columns. Afterunmatched member process is successfully completed, user can manuallyadd missing data for rest of the columns or re-run the dimension toupdate the data automatically

The database data manager 64 allows the user to customize thetransformations 550. FIG. 26 illustrates an example showing how to addnew attributes to the warehouse and how to change the values that areused for transformations, using the hierarchy flattening transformation522 shown in FIG. 12. As indicated above, the user can simply select anavailable set of source items 500, and the output items automaticallyappear outside the pipe 520 and in the data warehouse 110, without theneed to specify each step in the process. The user specifies whattransformation should be applied to the selected items while they are inthe pipe 520. In order to customize the transformation, the user maysimply alter the values of the parameters of the transformation. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 12, one of the transformations has a parameterspecifying how many levels that the user wants in the hierarchy. Theuser can change the value of the parameter 524, e.g., from 5 to 10, andthe database data manager 64 increases the amount of columns added tothe target data 512 in the data warehouse 110. The user does not need tophysically be creating each of the output columns and mapping it to someresult of a transformation. The user can simply declare the desiredparameter value.

The data warehouse solution system 10 allows various customizations thatusers can make. On the generated reports and business intelligenceoutput end, the data warehouse solution system 10 allows users to addnew roles; create new calculated measures; modify the way that thehierarchy structures work and translate for drilling and reporting; andchange measures, dimensions and analysis types for a role which resultsin creating new reports for the role. On the data warehouse side, datawarehouse solution system 10 allows users to create new objects such asfacts, dimensions, calendars and currency conversions; and introduce newdata sources, database indices, and database materialized views. Thus,the data warehouse solution system 10 may be initially adjusted to workwith known ERP systems 100, and the users can extend it to include datafrom another source.

When the users make customizations, the data warehouse solution system10 automatically alters database tables in the data warehouse 110 toreflect customization, as described above referring to FIGS. 11-15. Thedata warehouse solution system 10 preserves existing data and tablesettings after table alteration wherever possible.

The database data manager 64 loads the transformed data into the datawarehouse 110, as described above. The data load manager 68 provides theability to the user to extract and to load the data for one or multipleobjects on ad-hoc or scheduled basis. The data load manager 68 gives theuser options to optimize the load performance, set change data capturecontrol, be able easily review job statistics, drill down into job logs,obtain notification of job succession of failure and create and scriptsfor remote job execution.

The data warehouse solution system 10 provides the modeling Ul 32 forefficient management and administration of ETL jobs in a secureenvironment. Using the modeling Ul 32, administrators and users caneasily review job statistics, optimize job performance, drill down intojob logs, schedule jobs, obtain notification of job succession offailure and create and edit scripts for remote job execution.

Some of operational systems allow only limited time access window toextract the data. The data load manager 68 provides the user options tofirst extract the data for all warehouse objects and then load theresult of the extraction into warehouse or perform complete load of oneobject before starting to extract an another object.

There are two types of dependency in data load: dependency by reference(surrogate keys reference), and dependency by data (when one warehouseobject is sourced from another warehouse object). Dependencies betweenwarehouse objects are based on the load phase, rather than the extractphase. The dependency by reference can be described through the exampleof fact object, which includes the surrogate keys reference of thedimensional object. This reference between a fact object and dimensionalobject creates the dependency, which dictates the sequence of dataextraction. In this case dimensional object will be extracted before thefact object. Dependency by data relates to keeping the data synchronizedbetween various data warehouse objects. For example, when the data forSales Summary object is sourced from Sales Order fact object, it isimportant to insure that the data for Sales order object is loaded priorto the data for Sales Summary object.

The data load manager 68 provides a load size control. Some tablescontain large volume of data, and the data cannot be extracted in oneexecution. To solve this problem, the data load manager 68 provides theuser an option to extract and to load the data in portions by specifyingthe number of days to load at one time. For example, if the user wantsto extract the data for one year using 120 days of data at a time thedata will be extracted and loaded 3 times for this year.

The data load manager 68 provides options of load skipping and holduntil date. The data for some warehouse objects are not likely tochanged very often and because of that these objects are not required tobe refreshed frequently. To control the load of these objects, the dataload manager 68 provides the user options to skip the job execution orput the job on hold until certain date in a future. This function alsoprovides the user with ability to perform ad-hoc execution of one or anyset of objects.

The data load manager 68 provides number of performance parameters whichlet the user optimize the performance of data load. Examples ofperformance parameters include bulk load which allows user to optimizethe performance by using database loader functionality; initial hashtable size for data caching; and commit interval for committing the dataresult to the database.

The data load manager 68 provides ETL job scheduling. ETL job can runoccasionally, or on a scheduled basis. The ETL scheduling processspecifies when and how often the ETL job should run. For example, theuser can schedule the ETL processes to run on daily, weekly or monthlybasis.

The data load manager 68 provides job scripting to allow the user tosave the job script for execution later or for executing the script on aremote machine.

The data load manager 68 provides error recovery from a failed load.Re-running a job from the beginning means that all the same data has tobe extracted and transformed. If the extraction phase has completedsuccessfully, the data load manager 68 provides the user an option tojust to perform the load portion or restart the job from beginning. Thedata load manager 68 checks job dependencies to determine if downstreamjobs can continue to run when a job fails. The data load manager 68provides the details of the job failure to the user.

The data load manager 68 provides job auditing and logging. The dataload manager 68 logs job execution so that the user can view it eitherduring execution or after completion of the job. The modeling Ul 32visually provides the user with an indication of the job executionstatus, and recent and historical logs of job execution.

The data load manager 68 provides the user notification that jobs havecompleted. The notification may be in the form of an e-mail message ordialog box displayed on the machine that started the jobs' load.

The modeling Ul 32 allows the users to manipulate warehouse objectsthrough the information needs model 22.

The modeling Ul 32 allows the user to create and modify warehouseobjects, such as facts, dimensions, calendar and currency conversion. Inorder to create a warehouse object, through the modeling Ul 32, the userspecifies one or more data flows having one or more source queries asinput. The data warehouse object manager 60 combines source queries bymeans of merge operations, lookups or joins. The source frameworkmanager 70 may frame source queries against both the source frameworkmanager model 102 and the target framework model 112. Dataflows mayinclude any number or transformations. The user can specify the order oftransformations through the modeling Ul 32. Warehouse objects arevisible as query subjects in target framework manager model 112.

When the user creates or modify warehouse objects, cascading may occuron other objects in a project such as references, dataflows andwarehouse items. The modeling Ul 32 enables to identify what useractions cause cascading effects on other objects. The modeling Ul 32provides the user with the options as to the action that the user cantake before proceeding.

For example, when a user deletes a dimension that is used in one or morestar schemas, cascading may occur. The data warehouse object manager 60identifies the star schemas in which the deleted dimension is used. Themodeling Ul 32 prompts the user with a warning and gives a list of thereferences to and from the deleted object. The data warehouse objectmanager 60 may provide options to allow the user to cancel the operationand manually review the star schemas its used in ortho cascade drop thedimension and its references. Also, when the user selects an optionother than canceling the operation, the target framework manager 52updates all corresponding Query Subjects/Models/Views in the targetframework model 112.

When a user deletes an attribute in a dimension that is used in areference to another dimension, cascading may occur. For example, ifdeleting the Country Name in the Country Dimension that is referenced inthe Region Dimension. The data warehouse object manager 60 identifiesall the references that use the deleted attribute. The modeling Ul 32displays the list of the identified references to the user. The datawarehouse object manager 60 drop the attribute, and updates the mappingof impacted references. Also, when the user selects an option other thancanceling the operation, the target framework manager 52 updates allcorresponding Query Subjects/Models/Views in the target framework model112.

When a user deletes an atomic level fact that is used as a source for asummary fact, cascading may occur. The data warehouse object manager 60identifies all summary facts using the deleted atomic level fact. Themodeling Ul 32 prompts the user with a warning and gives the list ofthese identified summaries and which measures are impacted. The targetframework manager 52 provides options to allow the user to cancel theoperation and manually review the summaries where it is used, to allowthe user to drop the atomic level fact and the measure that itreferences in the summary fact if the summary is also sourcing fromother atomic level facts or the entire summary if it has no othersources, to allow the user to drop the atomic level fact but leave inthe measure it references in the summary fact with the measure unmapped,and to allow the user to drop the atomic level fact but leave in themeasure it references in the summary fact with the measure with existingmappings. When the user selects an option other than canceling theoperation, the target framework manager 52 updates all correspondingQuery Subjects/Models/Views in the target framework model 112.

When a user deletes a measure in an atomic level fact that is used aspart of summary fact. Impacts, cascading may occur. The data warehouseobject manager 60 identifies all summary measures using the deletedatomic level measure. The modeling Ul 32 prompts the user with a warningand gives a list of identified summary measures. When the user selectsan option other than canceling the operation, the target frameworkmanager 52 updates all corresponding Query Subjects/Models/Views in thetarget framework model 112.

When a user modifies the business keys of warehouse object, a cascadingmay occur. The data warehouse object manager 60 identifies all theobjects impacted. The user should get a warning that an existing datafor that warehouse object can be lost. If a business key item is used ina reference, the user is notified with the message that the referencejoin condition is impacted by deleting a business key item. If deleteditem is the only item used in a reference, the reference becomesinvalid. When the user selects an option other than canceling theoperation, the target framework manager 52 updates all correspondingQuery Subjects/Models/Views in the target framework model 112. Thedatabase table manager 66 drops and recreates the primary keyautomatically based on the new business keys.

When a user deletes warehouse item used by another calculated warehouseitem, cascading may occur. The modeling Ul 32 prompts the user with awarning that the calculated item may become invalid. The data warehouseobject manager 60 provides options to allow the user to cancel theoperation, or to proceed with the change and invalidate the calculateditem.

When a user renames warehouse item the target framework manager 52identifies all referencing query item and renames it as well.

When a user has linked an incorrect dimension to a star schema andsimply wants to change the relationship so that it is established withanother dimension, a cascading may occur. The data warehouse objectmanager 60 identifies the fact impacted from this change and provides awarning to the user. The data warehouse object manager 60 providesoptions to allow the user to cancel the operation and manually review,and to allow the user to drop the link to the old dimension and add thelink for the new dimension to the fact. When the user selects an optionother than canceling the operation, the target framework manager 52updates all corresponding Query Subjects/Models/Views in the targetframework model 112.

When a user deletes an attribute and seed data values exist for thatwarehouse object, cascading may occur. The data warehouse object manager60 identifies whether seed data exists for this warehouse object. Thedata warehouse object manager 60 provides options to allow the user todelete the seed data for that column, and to allow the user to leaveseed data as is.

The data warehouse object manager 60 allows a user to take apre-existing reference and change the link to another warehouse object.The target framework manager 52 automatically drops the links from theprevious object and creates them to the object where the reference wasdragged to. When the user changes the link, the modeling Ul 32 promptsthe user with verification of the join condition.

The structure of the data warehouse solution system 10 allows upgradingof the data warehouse solution system 10 itself when an upgraded systemis produced or when underlying ERP systems 100 are upgraded. Because thedata warehouse solution system 10 sources data from a source frameworkmanager model 102 of the ERP, rather than directly calling the ERPdatabase, the data warehouse solution system 10 has a degree ofisolation from changes to the ERP system 100.

FIG. 28 shows an example of an ERP system upgrade from version 4.1 to4.2, by which a table TYB1 in the ERP system 800 is renamed to TYB2(802). The source framework manager 70 re-maps “Detail” of the sourceframework model 804 to TYB2 for the upgraded ERP system (806). The model804 stays the same. The related table 810 in the data warehouse 808remains unchanged. Thus, the model 804 isolates the warehouse buildingprocess from that name change 802 in the ERP system 800. The model 102shields the data warehouse 808 from such simple changes to the ERPsystem 800.

FIG. 29 shows another example of an ERP system upgrade which involve amore complex structural change in the ERP system. In this example, theERP system 800 is remodeled and totally changed the way that data isstored in certain tables (820). In this case, the source frameworkmanager 70 cannot automatically map from one structure to another, butit still makes the software easy for the user to re-map the data. A useris presented with a list of the new query items added by the ERP system,and the list of unmapped warehouse items for which ERP query items nolonger exist.

The other aspect of upgrade is a content upgrade. A customer obtains adata warehouse solution system 10 and customizes it. Then, the customerupgrades the customized data warehouse solution system 10 with a newversion of the data warehouse solution system 10. The customer can keepsthe changes made for the customization in the upgraded data warehousesolution system 10.

For example, a customer changed a value of a parameter, e.g., the numberof levels to 10 from 5, in a version of a data warehouse solutionsystem, as shown in FIG. 26. As shown in FIG. 29, an example of a newversion 560 of the data warehouse solution system 10 contains new fields542 in the source items 540 that the customer has not yet included. Whenupgrading with the new version 10 a, the data warehouse solution systemtakes a union of all the source data, so that the output of the targethas the upgraded features, i.e., the new fields, and the customizedparameter. As shown in FIG. 30, the customized upgraded data warehousesolution system provides new source items 540 and the target datawarehouse output 554 contains the customized hierarchy flatteningtransformation 522 with 10 levels.

The data warehouse solution system 10 provides upgrade strategy optionsincluding partial upgrade, full upgrade and replace. It also provides anoption of preserving existing folder structure if possible. The partialupgrade option preserves content in destination, appends new objects anditems only. This option is suitably selected when the user have donemajor customization in the current system. The full upgrade optionreplaces current objects and items in destination with source objectsand items, and preserves objects and items in destination that ate notin the source. This option is suitably selected when the user have doneminor customization to the current system. The replace option replacesall content at destination with content from source, and does notpreserve any of the metadata that currently exists at the destination.This option is suitably selected when migrating an application from onenvironment to another.

When one of the upgrade options is selected by the user, the datawarehouse solution system 10 automatically resolve object's conflictsand runs Import. When the data warehouse solution system 10 resolvesobject conflicts, it provides a report to the user and allows the userto correct any object conflicts.

For import, the data warehouse solution system 10 shows a list ofrelevant objects, including object type, status and action. For objecttype, the list includes a mixture of objects of different types, suchas, Warehouse Objects, Materialized Views, Framework ManagementPackages, and Framework Management Namespaces. Other objects such asindexes, connections, data flows and input queries are not shown in thislist as they are children of warehouse objects. This is because theseobjects are not imported without importing the warehouse objects towhich they belong. On the framework management side, the same is true ofobjects like folders custom filters, security filters and hierarchies.These objects are imported and exported only by importing and exportingthe namespaces that contain them. Folder are not shown in the list.

The status column is computed by comparing the metadata at source anddestination. The status indicates existence or non-existence of objectsat the destination. It does not typically attempt to provide any furtherinformation about object version differences between source and target.Comparisons are done on Object Name. This means that if an object namehas changed, the default import/upgrade action does not find a match. Afacility is provided to manually match objects in the metadata sourceand destination. Status Values are, for example:

Exists in destination (meaning it exists in both the source anddestination)

Does not exist in destination (meaning it only exists in the source)

Does not exist in source (meaning it only exists in the destination)

The status column is updated by a refresh. Overrides are preserved onrefresh as long as the conditions under which the overrides were createdremain in place, e.g. Library contains an object called “Customer New”.Instance contains an object called “Customer”. The user places anoverride on the status indicating that the destination object Customerbe upgraded from the source “Customer New”. This override is preservedon refresh until such time as the user renames the destination object to“Customer New” at which time the override is removed and the status isset to “Exists in destination”.

With regard to the action column, a subset of the following six objectactions is available at the object level depending on the status of theobject: Create, Ignore, Delete, and the conflict resolution strategiesof the task which are Full Upgrade, Partial Upgrade and Replace. Adefault action set based on Object's Status and the Conflict ResolutionStrategy of the task may be as follows:

Status of Exists in Destination—Default value is taken from the task(Available actions are Full Upgrade, Partial Upgrade, Replace)

Status of Not In Destination—Default value is “Create” (Other availableactions are “Ignore”, i.e., it does not import that object.

Status of Not In Source—Default value is “Ignore” (Other availableactions are “Delete”), i.e., it does no delete it from the destination.

The data warehouse solution system 10 allows status override. Forexample, when an object by the name of “Employee” exists in both themetadata source and the destination, the data warehouse solution system10 applies rules for conflict resolution. Prior to applying the rules,the data warehouse solution system 10 informs the user of the conflictand provides the user with an option of applying manual override. If theuser chooses to preserve the existing destination object and import thesource object under a different name, the data warehouse solution system10 prompts the user to specify a new name.

The data warehouse solution system 10 has a “Diff” facility to show thedifference in the definition of an item in the metadata source anddestination. The Diff facility is provided at the item level. It showsthe mapping of the item in source and destination. Mapping depends ondataflow, and thus the mapping is shown separately for each data flow.Mapping is carried out at one level deep, e.g., for an input query item,lookup query item, expression, and transformation name of thetransformation that created the item. The data warehouse solution system10 may provide the Diff display, as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Item Display Example WHO Item - Dataflow specific Dataflow1Mapped to from Display Mapping. This will be a  InputQuery1: QueryItem1Input Query or query item or FM expression.  InputQuery2: QueryItem1Lookup One WHO Item can have many Dataflow2 mappings (in different input InputQuery1: QueryItem1–QueryItem2 queries) WHO Item - Dataflowspecific Dataflow1 Created by means Display DS Expression  OutputExpression: WOItem1–WOItem2 of Output Dataflow2 expression  OutputExpression: ‘A’ WHO Item - Dataflow specific Dataflow1 Created by meansDisplay name of transformation  Transformation: PivotRowsToCols oftransformation Dataflow2  Transformation: PivotRowsToCols WHO SpecificFMNot Dataflow Specific FM: WOQueryItem1/WOQueryItem2 Query Item DisplayQuery Item Source Materialized View No diff available N/A Query Item FMPackage No diff available N/A Contents FM Namespace No diff availableN/A

FIG. 31 shows a high level upgrade process. The data warehouse solutionsystem 10 merges a list of warehouse objects from library with a list ofwarehouse objects from the existing warehouse (700). If a library objectis not in the existing warehouse, the data warehouse solution system 10creates a warehouse object (702). If a library object is already in theexisting warehouse, the data warehouse solution system 10 prompts theuser to select a warehouse object upgrade strategy (704). If the userselects the full upgrade option or the replace option, the datawarehouse solution system 10 replaces the existing warehouse object withthe library warehouse object (703), and if the replace option isselected (704), the process ends. If the full upgrade option is selected(704), for each item that is in the existing warehouse but not in thelibrary (705), the data warehouse solution system 10 adds the warehouseitem to the upgraded warehouse (706). If the user selects the partial orappend upgrade option (702), for each item that is in the library butnot in the existing warehouse (707), the data warehouse solution system10 adds the warehouse object item to the upgraded warehouse (708).

FIG. 32 shows the process of adding a warehouse object item duringupgrade. For each dataflow in a source obtained from the library (750),the data warehouse solution system 10 checks if a dataflow exists (751).If no, the data warehouse solution system 10 creates a dataflow (752).If a dataflow exists, the data warehouse solution system 10 determineswhat type of mapping the source warehouse object item has (753). If themapping is an output expression, the data warehouse solution system 10adds the warehouse object item to the upgraded warehouse (757). If themapping is an input query, query item(s) or lookup, the data warehousesolution system 10 merges lists of query or query items in the libraryand in the existing warehouse (754). If the query does not exist in thelibrary, the data warehouse solution system 10 creates a query (755),creates a micromodel (756), and adds the warehouse item to the upgradedwarehouse (757). If the query exists in the library, the data warehousesolution system *10 checks if the query subject exists in the library(758). If it does not exists, the data warehouse solution system 10 addsthe query subject to the micromodel (759) and adds the query item to thequery (760). If the query subject exists (758), the data warehousesolution system 10 adds the query item to the query (760) and adds thewarehouse object item (757). If the mapping is a transformation output,the data warehouse solution system 10 checks if a transformation existsin the library (761). If exists, the data warehouse solution system 10sets mapping of the item to “unmapped” (762) and adds the warehouseobject (757). If the transformation does not exist (761), the datawarehouse solution system 10 creates the transformation (763) and addsthe warehouse object item (757).

An example of upgrading is described for a warehouse object. Thedestination is the current upgrade project stored in the database, andthe source comes from a Content Library of the existing system. TheDestination consists of three transformations (T1, T2 and T3) and fivewarehouse items (A, B, C, D and E). The library object consists of fourtransforms (T1′, T2′, T3′ and T4′) with seven items (B′, C′, D′, E′, X′,Y′ and Z′). The transformation T1′ contains a new item X′ and looses theitem A′. The transformation T3′ has an additional output item Y′, asshown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Upgrade Strategy Source Destination Partial Full T1′ T1 T1 T1′B′ A A B′ C′ B B C′ X′ C C X′ T2′ T2 T2 T2′ D′ D D D′ T3′ T3 T3 T3′ C′ AA C′ X′ C C X′ E′ E E E′ Y′ Y′ T4′ T4′ T4′ X′ X′ X′ Z′ Z′ Z′ UnmappedUnmapped X′ A Y′

In the partial upgrade strategy, the data warehouse solution system 10keeps what is in the database and adds what is new from the contentlibrary. Here Y′ is particularly problematic as it derives from thetransformation T3′ and depends on new item X′, neither of which isincluded in the partial upgrade strategy. It is not obvious either whatto do with the item X′. The data warehouse solution system 10 may addthe item X′ to T1. This approach may be reasonable if this is an inputquery.

For full upgrade: “A” is lost as a warehouse object Item available foroutput. A is still mapped to whatever the library source is but it isshown as unmapped.

As far as the lookup is concerned, if M′ had been added to the librarybased on a lookup to X′, the data warehouse solution system 10 includesM′ complete with the join condition to X′. The lookup returns validresults after X′ is mapped.

The consumer user interface 32 of the data warehouse solution system 10has a build in lineage handler 36 (FIG. 4) to provide a support forlineage and auditability. When the user is performing report generationand want to know the meaning of the report is, the lineage handler 36allows the user to get a description of what the report is and what itcontains, and get detail information for items that appear on thereport. The detailed information may indicate from where the data comes,what transformations and calculations are applied, and when was the lasttime the data was updated. The lineage handler 36 obtains the requestedlineage information from the metadata model 20 and presents it to theuser in the form of a report.

As indicated above, the data warehouse solution system 10 is governed bywhat is in the metadata model 20. The scope of the data warehousesolution system 10 can be extended and customized. The data warehousesolution system 10 allows the customer to perform the following: addingnew facts and dimensions, new source objects from which the customer issourcing those facts and dimensions, and new roles and new analyses forreporting.

The metadata model 20 supports a finite list of transformations that aresupported by the data warehouse solution system 10. In order to extendthe supported transformations, the data warehouse solution system 10adapts a plug in architecture or unit. The plug in unit allows customersto build their own transformations, and plug their transformations intothe data warehouse solution system 10 so that their transformationsbecome a part of the metadata model 20.

The data warehouse solution system 10 also allows other extensibility.The report SDK of the data warehouse solution system 10 helps the userto embed the data warehouse solution system 10 with other applications.The report SDK helps to capture metadata from other sources into thedata warehouse solution system 10.

For a successful use of a data warehouse, it is important to havesufficient performance including performance for loading the datawarehouse and performance for querying the data warehouse. The datawarehouse solution system 10 provides flexibility for managingperformance in the data warehouse solution system 10. Users typicallyattempts to improve load performance by doing fewer transformations todata and creating less summary tables, and attempts to increase queryperformance by doing more transformations and creating more summarytables. There factors for improving the load performance and queryperformance are contradictory and need a tradeoff between the two. Thedata warehouse solution system 10 provides database materialized viewsthrough the target framework model, which make those tradeoffs easier tomake because the data warehouse solution system 10 can structure thedata warehouse in a way that is as fast as possible to load and buildmaterialized views on top of the data warehouse to improve queryperformance. The materialized views do not as drastically influence loadperformance as some of the existing ETL processes.

The data warehouse solution system of the present invention may beimplemented by any hardware, software or a combination of hardware andsoftware having the above described functions. The software code,instructions and/or statements, either in its entirety or a partthereof, may be stored in a computer readable memory. Further, acomputer data signal representing the software code, instructions and/orstatements, which may be embedded in a carrier wave may be transmittedvia a communication network. Such a computer readable memory and acomputer data signal and/or its carrier are also within the scope of thepresent invention, as well as the hardware, software and the combinationthereof.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shownand described, changes and modifications may be made to such embodimentswithout departing from the scope of the invention. For example, theelements of the data warehouse solution system are described separately,however, two or more elements may be provided as a single element, orone or more elements may be shared with other component in computersystems.

1. A data warehouse solution system comprising: a metadata model havinga data information model including metadata that describes models forgenerating a data warehouse, and an information needs model includingmetadata regarding information needs for building reports by users; anengine having a data management service unit for providing datamanagement services including generation of a data warehouse using thedata information model, and a report management service unit forproviding report management services including generation of reportsusing the information needs model and the data warehouse; and a userinterface having a modeling user interface for presenting the datainformation model to the users for manipulating data warehouse objects,and a customer user interface for presenting the information needs modelto the users for report generation.
 2. The data warehouse solutionsystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data information modelcontains metadata describing data that is available for building reportsand satisfies the information needs indicated in the information needsmodel.
 3. The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 1,wherein the data information model contains metadata describing starschema models of the data warehouse, mapping of source systems to thestar schema models, and data transformation rules for transforming dataof the source systems for the star schema models.
 4. The data warehousesolution system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metadata modelfurther includes a content library for storing the information needsmodel and the data information model.
 5. The data warehouse solutionsystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modeling user interfaceprovides views of data warehouse objects and allows the user to modifythe data warehouse objects.
 6. The data warehouse solution system asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the report management service unit of theengine includes: a report manager for managing generation of reports;and a target framework manager for providing a semantic layer to thedata warehouse.
 7. The data warehouse solution system as claimed inclaim 6, wherein the target framework manager automatically generates apractically usable target framework model based on a logical metadatamodel of the data warehouse.
 8. The data warehouse solution system asclaimed in claim 7, wherein the target framework manager automaticallygenerates the target framework model using applicable business rulesincluding general rules, database layer rules, business view rules,dimensional view rules, and metadata rules.
 9. The data warehousesolution system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the target frameworkmanager preserves extensions made to a target framework model to aregenerated target framework model.
 10. The data warehouse solutionsystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the engine includes a source modelgenerator for managing generation of a source framework model from oneor more data source systems, the source framework model is a semanticlayer containing a logical business representation of the sourcesystems.
 11. The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 10,wherein the source model generator has a source framework manager foraccessing and reading logical information of the source systems, andreflecting the logical information in the source framework model. 12.The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 11, wherein thesource model generator provides a correction of the logical information.13. The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 1, whereinthe data management service unit of the engine includes: anextract-transform-load (ETL) code generator for generating code forextracting data from one or more source systems, transforming the dataand loading the data into the data warehouse using the data informationmodel.
 14. The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 13,wherein the ETL code generator automatically determines an order ofloading data, and loads the data in the order.
 15. The data warehousesolution system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the ETL code generatorextracts data that has been added or changed since the last load. 16.The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 13, wherein theETL code generator allows the user to set a load interval to control asize of data to be loaded at a time.
 17. The data warehouse solutionsystem as claimed in claim 13, wherein the ETL code generator provides acontrol of a loading phase.
 18. The data warehouse solution system asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the data management service unit of theengine includes: a data warehouse objects manager for managing creationand modification of data warehouse objects using the data informationmodel and the modelling user interface.
 19. The data warehouse solutionsystem as claimed in claim 18, wherein the data warehouse objectsmanager, in response to user's action on a data warehouse object,automatically processes data warehouse objects that are impacted by theuser's action.
 20. The data warehouse solution system as claimed inclaim 19, wherein the data warehouse objects manager automaticallyidentifies the data warehouse objects that are impacted by the user'saction, and updates the data warehouse objects impacted or presents alist of the data warehouse objects impacted to the user for a furtheraction.
 21. The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 1,wherein the data management service unit of the engine includes: a dataloading manager for providing the user control of data load into thedata warehouse from the source systems.
 22. The data warehouse solutionsystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data management service unitof the engine includes: a database table manager for managing creationand modification of warehouse tables in the data warehouse; and adatabase data manager for managing loading of the data into thewarehouse tables from one or more source systems.
 23. The data warehousesolution system as claimed in claim 22, wherein the database tablemanager indexes materialized views in the warehouse database.
 24. Thedata warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 22, wherein thedatabase data manager includes rules defining one or more data movementor transformations that move or transform data extracted from one ormore data source systems.
 25. The data warehouse solution system asclaimed in claim 24, wherein the transformations include one or more ofpivot transformation, hierarchy flattening transformation, aggregationtransformation and combining data transformation.
 26. The data warehousesolution system as claimed in claim 22, wherein the database tablemanager, in response to user's action on a warehouse table, performs atable management process for updating warehouse tables that are impactedby the user's action.
 27. The data warehouse solution system as claimedin claim 26, wherein the table management process includes a tables andcolumns management for updating warehouse tables and columns impacted bythe users action, an indices management for updating indices relating tothe warehouse tables and columns impacted, and foreign keys managementfor updating foreign keys associated with the warehouse tables impacted.28. The data warehouse solution system as claimed in claim 1, whereinthe data warehouse solution system is upgradeable while preservingmodifications made to an existing data warehouse.
 29. The data warehousesolution system as claimed in claim 1, herein the data warehousesolution system is a packaged single system.
 30. A method of generatingand maintaining a data warehouse, the method comprising the steps of:providing a metadata model having a data information model includingmetadata describing models for generating a data warehouse, and aninformation needs model including metadata regarding information needsfor building reports by users; providing data management services by adata warehouse solution system engine to automatically generate a datawarehouse from one or more source systems using the data informationmodel; and providing a modeling user interface for presenting the datainformation model to a user for allowing the user to manipulate objectsof the data warehouse.
 31. The method as claimed in claim 30 furthercomprising the steps of: providing report management services by thesystem engine to generate reports using the information needs model andthe data warehouse; and providing a consumer user interface forpresenting the information needs model to a user for report generationusing the report management services.
 32. The method as claimed in claim30, wherein the metadata model providing step comprises the step ofincluding, in the data information model, metadata describing data thatis available for building reports and satisfies the information needsindicated in the information needs model.
 33. The method as claimed inclaim 30, wherein the metadata model providing step including, in thedata information model, metadata describing star schema models of thedata warehouse, mapping of source systems to the star schema models, anddata transformation rules for transforming data of the source systemsfor the star schema models.
 34. The method as claimed in claim 30,wherein the metadata model providing step provides the metadata model asa predefined content library storing the information needs model and thedata information model.
 35. The method as claimed in claim 30, whereinthe report management services providing step comprises the step ofproviding a target framework model which provides a semantic layer tothe data warehouse.
 36. The method as claimed in claim 35, wherein thetarget framework model providing step automatically generates apractically usable target framework model based on a logical metadatamodel of the data warehouse.
 37. The method as claimed in claim 36,wherein the target framework model providing step automaticallygenerates the target framework model using applicable business rulesincluding general rules, database layer rules, business view rules,dimensional view rules, and metadata rules.
 38. The method as claimed inclaim 35, wherein the target framework model providing step preservesextensions made to a target framework model to a regenerated targetframework model.
 39. The method as claimed in claim 30, wherein the datamanagement services providing step comprises the step of managinggeneration of a source framework model from one or more data sourcesystems, the source framework model is a semantic layer containing alogical business representation of the source systems.
 40. The method asclaimed in claim 39, wherein the source model generation managing stepcomprises the steps of: accessing and reading the logical information ofthe source systems; and reflecting the logical information in the sourceframework model.
 41. The method as claimed in claim 40, wherein thesource model generation managing step further comprises the step ofproviding a correction of the logical information.
 42. The method asclaimed in claim 30, wherein the data management services providing stepcomprises the step of generating extract-transform-load (ETL) code forextracting data from the source systems, transforming the data, andloading the data into the data warehouse based on the data informationmodel.
 43. The method as claimed in claim 42, wherein the ETL codegenerating step automatically determines an order of loading data, andloads the data in the order.
 44. The method as claimed in claim 42,wherein the ETL code generating step extracts data that has been addedor changed since the last load.
 45. The method as claimed in claim 42,wherein the ETL code generating step allows the user to set a loadinterval to control a size of data to be loaded at a time.
 46. Themethod as claimed in claim 42, wherein the ETL code generating stepprovides a control of a loading phase.
 47. The method as claimed inclaim 30, wherein the data management services providing step comprisesthe step of, in response to user's action on a data warehouse object inthe data warehouse, automatically processing data warehouse objects thatare impacted by the user's action.
 48. The method as claimed in claim47, wherein the data management services providing step comprises thesteps of: automatically identifying the data warehouse objects that areimpacted by the user's action; and updating the data warehouse objectsimpacted or presenting a list of the data warehouse objects impacted tothe user for a further action.
 49. The method as claimed in claim 30,wherein the data management services step comprises the steps of:managing creation and modification of warehouse tables in the datawarehouse; and managing loading of the data into the warehouse tablesfrom the source systems.
 50. The method as claimed in claim 49, whereinthe data loading managing step comprises the step of applying predefinedrules defining one or more data movement or transformations for movingor transforming data extracted from the data source systems.
 51. Themethod as claimed in claim 50, wherein the predefined rules include oneor more of pivot transformation, hierarchy flattening transformation,aggregation transformation and combining data transformation.
 52. Themethod as claimed in claim 49, wherein the database table managing stepcomprises the step of, in response to users action on a warehouse table,performing a table management process for updating warehouse tables thatare impacted by the user's action.
 53. The method as claimed in claim49, wherein the table managing step further comprises the step ofindexing materialized views in the data warehouse.
 54. The method asclaimed in claim 52, wherein the table management process performingstep comprises the steps of: updating warehouse tables and columnsimpacted by the user's action; updating indices relating to thewarehouse tables and columns impacted; and updating foreign keysassociated with the warehouse tables impacted.
 55. The method as claimedin claim 30 further comprising the step of preserving modifications madeto an existing data warehouse during upgrading.
 56. A computer readablemedium storing instructions or statements for use in the execution in acomputer of a method of generating and maintaining a data warehouse, themethod comprising the steps of: providing a metadata model having a datainformation model including metadata describing models for generating adata warehouse, and an information needs model including metadataregarding information needs for building reports by users; providingdata management services by a data warehouse solution system engine toautomatically generate a data warehouse using the data information modelfrom one or more source systems; and providing a user interface forpresenting the data information model to users for allowing users tomanipulate objects of the data warehouse.
 57. A propagated signalcarrier carrying signals containing computer executable instructionsthat can be read and executed by a computer, the computer executableinstructions being used to execute a method of generating andmaintaining a data warehouse, the method comprising the steps of:providing a metadata model having a data information model includingmetadata describing models for generating a data warehouse, and aninformation needs model including metadata regarding information needsfor building reports by users; providing data management services by adata warehouse solution system engine to automatically generate a datawarehouse using the data information model from one or more sourcesystems; and providing a user interface for presenting the datainformation model to users for allowing users to manipulate objects ofthe data warehouse.